How to establish a well-functioning guidance system in a complex building structure : Modeling with multi-objective optimization

Abstract

Wayfinding is a fundamental aspect of our daily lives, encompassing the activities involved in navigating from one place to another. In the context of architectural spaces, effective wayfinding is essential for ensuring a positive user experience and reducing frustration. This issue was brought to light by Solli Distriktpsykiatriske senter (DPS), as they observed difficulties faced by their patients in exiting the building after treatment sessions. Thereby introducing an interesting research question on how to establish a well-functioning guidance system within a complex building structure, with application to finding the way out. In this thesis, an optimization approach has been taken to define the simplest path. Four multi-objective optimization methods are utilized to provide different perspectives on simplicity. The methods consider different weights and rankings of architectural features and the occupants' familiarity with the building, as these factors have been recognized as the most influential factors in daily wayfinding. Comparing the optimizations form the basis for concluding the most suitable method to define the simplest path. Interestingly, three out of four methods occasionally generate paths that contradict human instincts, which negatively affect orientation ability. This serves as the basis for making trade-offs between the methods. As a result, the weighted sum approach with equal weights is found to be the optimal method for defining the simplest path. The findings of the optimization approach lay the foundation for establishing a wellfunctioning guidance system. When applicable, it is recommended to provide signage for the nearest optimal exit, using the simplest path, and the reception. This means that if the path to the reception, despite being longer, aligns with human instinct, it should be clearly indicated. Signage that confirms that the optimal exit route does not involve the main entrance will give the patients more confidence in following the designated path. This is important to ensure trust and reliability in the guidance system. Furthermore, when utilizing the results, consistency in placement and design and the signs' readability are critical to establishing a comprehensive guidance system. It is recommended to incorporate a combination of directional and reassurance signs.