• Regulation and pricing of pharmaceuticals : reference pricing or price cap regulation? 

      Grasdal, Astrid Louise; Brekke, Kurt Richard; Holmås, Tor Helge (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-09)
      We study the relationship between regulatory regimes and pharmaceutical firms’ pricing strategies using a unique policy experiment from Norway, which in 2003 introduced a reference price (RP) system called “index pricing” ...
    • Regulation of pollution in a Cournot equilibrium 

      Mathiesen, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-06)
      In the traditional Cournot model producers influence each other’s decisions through revenue earned in the product market. Rosen (1965) introduced the notion of a coupled constraints equilibrium which allowed players to ...
    • Regulation, generic competition and pharmaceutical prices : theory and evidence from a natural experiment 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Holmås, Tor Helge; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-12)
      We study the impact of regulatory regimes on generic competition and pharmaceutical pricing using a unique policy experiment in Norway, where reference pricing (RP) replaced price cap regulation in 2003 for a sub-sample ...
    • Relational Incentive Contracts and Performance Measurement. 

      Chi, Chang Koo; Olsen, Trond E. (DP SAM;7/2018, Working paper, 2018-04)
      This paper analyzes relational contracts under moral hazard. We first show that if the available information (signal) about effort satisfies a generalized monotone likelihood ratio property, then irrespective of whether ...
    • Relative wages and trade-induced changes in technology 

      Midelfart, Karen Helene; Ekholm, Karolina (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-09)
      We develop a model where trade liberalization leads to skill-biased technological change, which in turn raises the relative return to skilled labor. When firms get access to a larger market, the relative profitability of ...
    • Relocating the responsibility cut : should more responsibility imply less redistribution? 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-12)
      Liberal egalitarian theories of justice argue that inequalities arising from non-responsibility factors should be eliminated, but that inequalities arising from responsibility factors should be accepted. The paper discusses ...
    • Rent Sharing with Footloose Production. Foreign Ownership and Wages Revisited 

      Balsvik, Ragnhild; Sæthre, Morten (Discussion paper;30/14, Working paper, 2014-09)
      We present a bargaining model of wage and employment determina- tion, where we show that foreign acquisitions might hurt the bargaining outcome of powerful unions by giving the firm a credible threat to move production ...
    • A repeat sailings index of ocean freight rates for the 1850s 

      Klovland, Jan Tore (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-12)
      The middle of the nineteenth century has long been a challenge to researchers of ocean freight rates. The data originating from the circulars of the London shipbroker firm of Angier Brothers have been the basis of much ...
    • Resale price maintenance and restrictions on dominant firm and industry-wide adoption 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Shaffer, Greg (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-06)
      This paper examines the use of market-share thresholds (safe harbors) in evaluating whether a given vertical practice should be challenged. Such thresholds are typically found in vertical restraints guidelines (e.g., the ...
    • Resolving distributional conflicts between generations 

      Asheim, Geir B.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002-05)
      We describe a new approach to the problem of resolving distributional conflicts between an infinite and countable number of generations. We impose conditions on the social preferences that capture the following idea: ...
    • Responsibility and reward 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-09)
      It is not straightforward to define the ethics of responsibility in cases where the consequences of factors under our control are partly affected by factors outside our control. One way to approach this issue is to ask ...
    • Revisiting the Boston data set (Harrison and Rubinfeld, 1978): a case study in the challenges of system articulation. 

      Bivand, Roger (SAM;30/2015, Working paper, 2015-12-18)
      In the extended topical sphere of Regional Science, more scholars are addressing empirical questions using spatial and spatio-temoral data. An emerging challenge is to alert “new arrivals” to existing bodies of knowledge ...
    • Rewarding effort 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-06)
      According to liberal egalitarian ethics, individuals should be rewarded for factors under their control, but not for factors outside their control. A fundamental challenge to liberal egalitarian theories of justice is ...
    • Rich meets poor : an international fairness experiment 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Moene, Karl Ove; Sørensen, Erik Ø.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-10)
      Why do people in rich countries not transfer more of their income to people in the world's poorest countries? To study this question and the relative importance of needs, entitlements, and nationality in people's social ...
    • The risk sharing effects of social security and the stochastic properties of income growth 

      Thøgersen, Øystein (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-05)
      Time-series analyses suggest that income shocks are fairly persistent. This has implications for the intergenerational risk-sharing effects of pay-as-you- go (paygo) social security programs. By means of a simple stochastic ...
    • Robust growth determinants 

      Doppelhofer, Gernot; Weeks, Melvyn (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2011-02)
    • Robust Information Aggregation Through Voting 

      Midjord, Rune; Rodríguez Barraquer, Tomás; Valasek, Justin (DP SAM;12/2019, Working paper, 2019-06-10)
      Numerous theoretical studies have shown that information aggregation through voting is fragile. We consider a model of information aggregation with vote-contingent payoffs and generically characterize voting behavior in ...
    • The role of FDI in economic development 

      Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Kind, Hans Jarle; Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      This paper deals with two questions: First, what are the determinants of FDI? Second, what is the role of FDI in economic development? In order to provide some answers to these questions, we draw upon the existing ...
    • The Role of Labor Unions in Immigrant Integration 

      Dodini, Samuel; Willén, Alexander; Zhu, Julia Li (DP SAM;24/2023, Working paper, 2023-12)
      We examine if unions narrow or widen labor market gaps between natives and immigrants. We do so by combining rich Norwegian employer-employee matched register data with exogenous variation in union membership obtained ...
    • Samaritan agents? : on the delegation of aid policy 

      Hagen, Rune Jansen (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-12)
      Should an aid donor delegate the responsibility for allocating its budget to an agent less averse to inequality than itself in order to alleviate the Samaritan’s Dilemma it is facing? Despite the intuitive appeal of ...