• Any non-welfarist method of policy assessment violates the Pareto principle : a comment 

      Fleurbaey, Marc; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-09)
    • The value of equality 

      Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-09)
      Over the years, egalitarian philosophers have made some challenging claims about the nature of egalitarianism. They have argued that the Rawlsian leximin principle is not an egalitarian idea; that egalitarian reasoning ...
    • Responsibility and reward 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-09)
      It is not straightforward to define the ethics of responsibility in cases where the consequences of factors under our control are partly affected by factors outside our control. One way to approach this issue is to ask ...
    • Relative wages and trade-induced changes in technology 

      Midelfart, Karen Helene; Ekholm, Karolina (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-09)
      We develop a model where trade liberalization leads to skill-biased technological change, which in turn raises the relative return to skilled labor. When firms get access to a larger market, the relative profitability of ...
    • Designing social security : a portfolio choice approach 

      Matsen, Egil; Thøgersen, Øystein (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      Public social security systems may provide diversification of risks to individuals’ life-time income. Capturing that a pay-as-you-go program (paygo) may be considered as a “quasiasset”, we study the optimal size of the ...
    • Two-part tariffs with partial unbundling 

      Jensen, Sissel (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      The paper explores second degree price discrimination in a multidimensional good context. There are two types of consumers with demand described by a two-dimensional vector, a quantity dimension and a service attribute ...
    • Infrastructure and industrial location : a dual technology approach 

      Bjorvatn, Kjetil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      The paper investigates how differences in infrastructure quality may affect industrial location between countries. Employing a dualtechnology model, the main result of the paper is the somewhat surprising conclusion ...
    • On the profitability of cross-border mergers 

      Bjorvatn, Kjetil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      A horizontal merger is unlikely to be profitable unless it involves the large majority of firms in an industry. This well established result was developed by Salant et al (1983) in a closed economy setting. The present ...
    • Commodity market integration 1850 - 1913 : evidence from Britain and Germany 

      Klovland, Jan Tore (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      In a sample that contains annual prices of 39 selected commodities in Britain and Germany in the period 1850 to 1913 substantial evidence of well integrated commodity markets is found. The degree of integration is not ...
    • A balanced view of development as freedom 

      Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      Amartya Sen, in his most recent book Development as Freedom, argues that expansion of human freedom should both be viewed as the primary end and the principle means of development. This paper provides an overview and a ...
    • Two-part tariffs, consumer heterogeneity and Cournot competition 

      Jensen, Sissel; Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      We analyze two-part tariffs in oligopoly, where each firm commits to a certain quantity. The model is an extension of the one introduced in Har (2001). We show that their main results are reversed when the model is extended ...
    • Endogenous product differentiation in credit markets : what do borrowers pay for? 

      Kim, Moshe; Kristiansen, Eirik Gaard; Vale, Bent (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-11)
      This paper studies strategies pursued by banks in order to differentiate their services from those of their rivals. In that way competition among banks is softened. More specifically we analyze if the bank size, the ...
    • Technology sourcing and strategic foreign direct investment 

      Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Eckel, Carsten (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-11)
      Empirical evidence suggests that there are important spillovers associated with the operations of multinational enterprises. Spillovers may occur when less advanced, local firms learn from their more advanced, foreign ...
    • Income distribution and tax competition 

      Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Cappelen, Alexander W. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      The literature on international tax competition has shown how increased international mobility of the tax base may create a downward pressure on tax rates and give rise to increased inequality in disposable income. This ...
    • Demand-side spillovers and semi-collusion in the mobile communications market 

      Foros, Øystein; Hansen, Bjørn; Sand, Jan Yngve (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      We analyze roaming policy in the market for mobile telecommunications. Firms undertake investments in network infrastructure to increase geographical coverage, capacity in a given area, or functionality. Prior to ...
    • The role of FDI in economic development 

      Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Kind, Hans Jarle; Nordås, Hildegunn Kyvik (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      This paper deals with two questions: First, what are the determinants of FDI? Second, what is the role of FDI in economic development? In order to provide some answers to these questions, we draw upon the existing ...
    • Globalization, industrial policy and clusters 

      Midelfart, Karen Helene; Forslid, Rikard (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      This paper analyses industrial policy in a high wage open economy hosting an agglomeration consisting of vertically linked upstream and downstream firms. We show that optimal policy towards upstream industries typically ...
    • Multinational investment, industry risk, and policy competition 

      Haaland, Jan Ingvald Meidell; Wooton, Ian (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      In an uncertain business climate, multinational enterprises must take account of future exit costs in deciding where to locate a branch plant. We study how differences in national labour-market conditions between countries ...
    • Sticks and carrots for the alleviation of long-term poverty 

      Schroyen, Fred; Torsvik, Gaute (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      Work requirements can make it easier to screen the poor from the nonpoor. They can also affect future poverty by changing the poors’ incentive to invest in their income capacity. The novelty of our study is the focus ...
    • The broadband access market : competition, uniform pricing and geographical coverage 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      In this paper we analyze the market for broadband access. A key feature of this market is that it is considerably more expensive to connect consumers in rural locations than in urban locations. We show that while competition ...