• Are all of the good men fathers? The effect of having children on earnings 

      Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper;11/2014, Working paper, 2014-04)
      This study reconsiders the empirical question of whether men’s earnings increase because of children. Large Norwegian register data are used for brother and twin pairs who are followed over their life cycle from their ...
    • Comparative advantage or discrimination? : studying male-female wage differentials using displaced workers 

      Kunze, Astrid; Troske, Kenneth R. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-09)
      We examine differences in search behavior between men and women using data on displaced workers. We find that men and women have similar search duration once we limit our estimation to women with a constant number of ...
    • The demand for high-skilled workers and immigration policy 

      Bauer, Thomas K.; Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-11)
      This paper provides a descriptive analysis of the demand for high-skilled workers using a new firm data set, the IZA International Employer Survey 2000. Our results suggest that while workers from EU-countries are ...
    • Do Generous Parental Leave Policies Help Top Female Earners? 

      Corekcioglu, Gozde; Francesconi, Marco; Kunze, Astrid (DP SAM;07/2020, Working paper, 2020-05)
      Generous government-mandated parental leave is generally viewed as an effective policy to support women’s careers around childbirth. But does it help women to reach top positions in the upper pay echelon of their firms? ...
    • The evolution of the gender wage gap 

      Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-01)
      In this paper we investigate when the male-female wage differential arises: Does it evolve over the early career or does it exist right from entry into first employment? For the analysis we use new administrative ...
    • Expansions in Paid Parental Leave and Mothers’ Economic Progress 

      Corekcioglu, Gozde; Francesconi, Marco; Kunze, Astrid (SAM DP;13/2022, Working paper, 2022-10)
      We examine the impact of government-funded universal paid parental leave extensions on the likelihood that mothers reach top-pay jobs and executive positions, using eight Norwegian reforms. Up to a quarter of a century ...
    • Gender differences in entry wages and early career wages 

      Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-05)
      This paper investigates the gender wage gap in entry wages and in the early career for German skilled workers in the period 1975-1990. We use a new administrative longitudinal data source that allows to observe complete work ...
    • Gender diversity, labour in the boardroom and gender quotas 

      Kunze, Astrid; Scharfenkamp, Katrin (SAM DP;16/2022, Working paper, 2022-10-31)
      This study investigates boards of (non-executive) directors and whether employee representation has a positive effect on gender diversity on boards. We exploit rich, newly assembled board–director matched panel data for ...
    • Gender wage gap studies : consistency and decomposition 

      Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-12)
      This paper reviews the empirical literature on the gender wage gap, with particular attention given to the identification of the key parameters in human capital wage regression models. This is of great importance in the ...
    • Life-cycle patterns in male/female differences in job search 

      Kunze, Astrid; Troske, Kenneth R. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-01)
      We investigate whether women search longer for a job than men and whether these differences change over the life cycle. Our empirical analysis exploits German register data on highly attached displaced workers. We apply ...
    • Parental leave and maternal employment 

      Kunze, Astrid (SAM DP;01/2022, Working paper, 2022-01-19)
      Numerous studies have investigated whether the provision and generosity of parental leave affects the employment and career prospects of women. Parental leave systems typically provide either short unpaid leave mandated ...
    • The family gap in career progression 

      Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper;29/14, Working paper, 2014-08)
      This study investigates whether and when during the life cycle women fall behind in terms of career progression because of children. We use 1987-1997 Norwegian panel data that contain information on individuals’ position ...
    • The gender wage gap in developed countries 

      Kunze, Astrid (DP SAM;09/2017, Working paper, 2017)
      Despite the increased attachment of women to the labour force in nearly all developed countries, a stubborn gender pay gap remains. This chapter provides a review of the economics literature on the gender wage gap, with ...
    • Universal Childcare for the Youngest and the Maternal Labour Supply 

      Kunze, Astrid; Liu, Xingfei (DP SAM;03/2019, Working paper, 2019-02)
      In this paper, we investigate whether the expansion of childcare leads to an increase in the female labour supply. We measure female labour supply at both the extensive and intensive margin. For identification, we exploit ...
    • Vocational training and gender : wages and occupational mobility among young workers 

      Fitzenberger, Bernd; Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-08)
      This paper investigates the relationship between the gender wage gap, the choice of training occupation, and occupational mobility. We use longitudinal data for young workers with apprenticeship training in West Germany. ...
    • Wage dips and drops around first birth 

      Kunze, Astrid; Ejrnæs, Mette (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-01)
      We use a rich longitudinal data set for West Germany to disentangle the wage effects for female workers around first birth. Data on daily real wages reveal a dip in women’s real wages shortly before giving birth and a ...
    • Women Helping Women? Evidence from Private Sector Data on Workplace Hierarchies 

      Kunze, Astrid; Miller, Amalia R. (Discussion paper;14/15, Working paper, 2015-06)
      This paper studies gender spillovers in career advancement using 11 years of employer-employee matched data on the population of white-collar workers at over 4,000 private-sector establishments in Norway. Our data include ...
    • Work and wage dynamics around childbirth 

      Ejrnæs, Mette; Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper;4/2012, Working paper, 2012-03)
      This study investigates how the first childbirth affects the wage processes of women who are well-established in the labour market. We estimate a flexible fixed-effects wage regression model extended by post-childbirth ...