• Home bias in shareholder voting 

      Li, Xuan (Discussion paper;21/23, Working paper, 2023-11-10)
      Institutional investors’ proxy voting decisions are influenced by their geographic proximity to portfolio firms. Using a sample of over 50 million votes cast by U.S. and non-U.S. investors globally, I find that investors ...
    • Hotelling competition with multi-purchasing 

      Anderson, Simon P.; Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-12)
      We analyze a Hotelling model where consumers either buy one out of two goods (single-purchase) or both (multi-purchase). The firms pricing strategies turn out to be fundamentally different if some consumers multi-purchase ...
    • How time preferences differ : evidence from 45 countries 

      Wang, Mei; Rieger, Marc Oliver; Hens, Thorsten (Discussion paper;2011:18, Working paper, 2011-10)
      We present results from the first large-scale international survey on time discounting, conducted in 45 countries. Cross-country variation cannot simply be explained by economic variables such as interest rates or ...
    • How to extend the RiskMetrics market risk universe 

      Bjerksund, Petter; Stensland, Gunnar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002)
      RiskMetrics™ (RM) represents a framework for measuring market risk founded on the Value at Risk concept, and offer daily updated estimates of standard deviations and correlations of the assets within their market risk ...
    • How to measure greenhouse gas emissions by fuel type for binary sustainability standards: Average or Marginal emissions? An example of fertilizer use and corn ethanol 

      Zhu, Xueqin; Yan, Shiyu; Smeets, Edward; van Berkum, Siemen (Discussion paper;3/17, Working paper, 2017-02-28)
      This study proposed a modelling framework which addresses various issues such as decreasing marginal yield of corn with respect to fertilizer use in biofuel production and the resulting greenhouse gas emissions. Particularly, ...
    • How to Use One Instrument to Identify Two Elasticities 

      Gavrilova, Evelina; Zoutman, Floris T.; Hopland, Arnt O. (Discussion paper;2/17, Working paper, 2017-02-27)
      We show that an insight from taxation theory allows identification of both the supply and demand elasticities with only one instrument. Ramsey (1928) and subsequent models of taxation assume that a tax levied on the demand ...
    • Human capital, multiple income risk and social insurance 

      Schindler, Dirk (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-09)
      We set up an OLG-model, where households both choose human capital investment and decide on investing their endogenous savings in a portfolio of riskless and risky assets, exposing them to (aggregate) wage and capital risks ...
    • A hybrid method based on linear programming and tabu search for routing of logging trucks 

      Flisberg, Patrik; Lidén, Bertil; Rönnqvist, Mikael (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007)
      In this paper, we consider an operational routing problem to decide the daily routes of logging trucks in forestry. The industrial problem is difficult and includes aspects such as pickup and delivery with split pickups, ...
    • Hybrid Pricing in a Coupled European Power Market with More Wind Power 

      Bjørndal, Endre; Bjørndal, Mette; Cai, Hong; Panos, Evangelos (Discussion paper;28/15, Working paper, 2015-10-28)
      In the European market, the promotion of wind power leads to more network congestion. Zonal pricing (market coupling), which does not take the physical characteristics of transmission into account, is the most commonly ...
    • Immobilizing Corporate Income Shifting: Should It Be Safe to Strip in the Harbor? 

      Gresik, Thomas A.; Schindler, Dirk; Schjelderup, Guttorm (Discussion paper;31/15, Working paper, 2015-11-18)
      Many subsidiaries can deduct interest payments on internal debt from their taxable income. By issuing internal debt from a tax haven, multinationals can shift income out of host countries through the interest rates they ...
    • The impact of pecuniary costs on commuting flows 

      McArthur, David Philip; Kleppe, Gisle; Thorsen, Inge; Ubøe, Jan (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-05)
    • The impact of variable renewables on the distribution of hourly electricity prices and their variability: A panel approach 

      Tselika, Kyriaki (Discussion paper;4/22, Working paper, 2022-02-02)
      This paper investigates the impact of intermittent renewable generation on the distribution of electricity prices and their variability in Denmark and Germany. We exploit hourly data from 2015 to 2020 and employ a novel ...
    • Implications of a nested stochastic/deterministic bio-economic model for a pelagic fishery 

      McDonald, A. David; Sandal, Leif Kristoffer; Steinshamn, Stein Ivar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-03)
      Use is made of an economically optimal feedback rule to determine optimal levels of exploitation of a pelagic fish species. Data from the southern bluefin tuna fishery for the years 1960-1996 are utilized to apply this ...
    • Incentive provision when contracting is costly 

      Kvaløy, Ola; Olsen, Trond E. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-08)
      We analyze optimal incentive contracts in a model where the probability of court enforcement is determined by the costs spent on contracting. We show that contract costs matter for incentive provision, both in static spot ...
    • Income Shifting under Losses 

      Hopland, Arnt O.; Lisowsky, Petro; Mardan, Mohammed; Schindler, Dirk (Discussion paper;21/15, Working paper, 2015-09-16)
      This paper examines the flexibility of multinational firms to use income-shifting strategies within a tax year to react to operating losses. We develop a theoretical model that considers how affiliate losses can be ...
    • Information about Fewer Audits Reduces Support for Economic Relief Programs 

      Haaland, Ingar; Olden, Andreas (Discussion paper;2/21, Working paper, 2021-02-05)
      Using a probability-based sample of the Norwegian population, we test whether an informational treatment about fewer audits by the Norwegian Tax Administration during the peak of the COVID-19 crisis affects support for an ...
    • Insider trading with non-fiduciary market makers 

      Aase, Knut K.; Gjesdal, Frøystein (Discussion paper;8/16, Working paper, 2016-05-23)
      The single auction equilibrium of Kyle's (1985) is studied, in which market makers are not fiduciaries. They have some market power which they utilize to set the price to their advantage, resulting in positive expected ...
    • Insider trading with partially informed traders 

      Aase, Knut K.; Bjuland, Terje; Øksendal, Bernt (Discussion paper;2011:21, Working paper, 2011-11)
      The single auction equilibrium of Kyle's (1985) is studied, in which noise traders may be partially informed, or alternatively they can be manipulated. Unlike Kyle's assumption that the quantity traded by the noise ...
    • Integrated maritime bunker management with stochastic fuel prices and new emission regulations 

      Gu, Yewen; Wallace, Stein W.; Wang, Xin (Discussion paper;13/16, Working paper, 2016-08-25)
      Maritime bunker management (MBM) controls the procurement and consumption of the fuels used on board and therefore manages one of the most important cost drivers in the shipping industry. At the operational level, a shipping ...
    • Intergenerational Effects of Guaranteed Pension Contracts 

      Døskeland, Trond M.; Nordahl, Helge A. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-09)
      In this paper we show that there exist an intergenerational cross-subsidization effect in guaranteed interest rate life and pension contracts as the different generations partially share the same reserves. Early generations ...