Now showing items 226-245 of 569

    • Integrated maritime bunker management with stochastic fuel prices and new emission regulations 

      Gu, Yewen; Wallace, Stein W.; Wang, Xin (Discussion paper;13/16, Working paper, 2016-08-25)
      Maritime bunker management (MBM) controls the procurement and consumption of the fuels used on board and therefore manages one of the most important cost drivers in the shipping industry. At the operational level, a shipping ...
    • Intergenerational Effects of Guaranteed Pension Contracts 

      Døskeland, Trond M.; Nordahl, Helge A. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-09)
      In this paper we show that there exist an intergenerational cross-subsidization effect in guaranteed interest rate life and pension contracts as the different generations partially share the same reserves. Early generations ...
    • Internal pricing in supply chains 

      Fjell, Kenneth; Jörnsten, Kurt (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001)
      A supply chain is two or more parties linked by a flow of goods, information and funds. Since this means that supply chain management concerns environments in which there are multiple decision makers, which may be different ...
    • International comparison of interest rate guarantees in life insurance 

      Cummins, J. David; Miltersen, Kristian R.; Persson, Svein-Arne (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-08)
      Interest rate guarantees seem to be included in life insurance and pension products in most countries. The exact implementations of these guarantees vary from country to country and are often linked to different distribution ...
    • International competition for R&D investments 

      Olsen, Trond E.; Osmundsen, Petter (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-02)
      Two jurisdictions compete to attract shares of the R&D investment budget of a large multinational enterprise, whose investments potentially confer positive spillovers on national firms. The firm contributes to local welfare ...
    • International Debt Shifting: The Value Maximizing Mix of Internal and External Debt 

      Møen, Jarle; Schindler, Dirk; Schjelderup, Guttorm; Bakke, Julia Tropina (Discussion paper;1/19, Working paper, 2019-03-29)
      We study the capital structure of multinationals and expand previous theory by incorporating international debt tax shield effects from both internal and external capital markets. We show that: (i) multinationals' firm ...
    • Interview Scheduling: An Integer Programming Approach 

      Braathen, Christian (Discussion paper;10/22, Working paper, 2022-04-21)
      This article provides a general meeting scheduling model to schedule en-masse interviews over multi-day events. Creating such meeting schedules is a complicated, time-consuming task that usually requires considerable manual ...
    • Intuitive probability of non-intuitive events 

      Aase, Knut K. (Discussion paper;15/23, Working paper, 2023-09-29)
      Quantitative probability in the subjective theory is assumed to be finitely additive and defined on all the subsets of an underlying state space. Functions from this space into an Euclidian n-space create a new probability ...
    • Inventory management of spare parts in an energy company 

      Guajardo, Mario; Rönnqvist, Mikael; Halvorsen, Ann Mari; Kallevik, Svein Inge (Discussion paper;06/12, Working paper, 2012-06)
      We address a problem of inventory management of spare parts in the context of a large energy company, producer of oil and gas. Spare parts are critical for assuring operational conditions in offshore platforms. About ...
    • Investing in legal advice – What determines the costs of enforcing intellectual property rights? 

      Juranek, Steffen (Discussion paper;20/15, Working paper, 2015-08-28)
      This paper studies the determinants of investment in legal advice by plaintiffs in patent litigation. A hand-collected sample of US patent litigation cases is used to identify the empirical factors that determine the ...
    • Investing without credible inter-period regulations : a bargaining approach with application to investments in natural resources 

      Nordal, Kjell Bjørn (Discussion paper, Working paper, 1999-12)
      A government’s lack of credibility when promising future taxation and regulation of foreign direct investment is often regarded as an obstacle to foreign investment. As shown in this paper, the total lack of inter-period ...
    • The investment horizon problem : a resolution 

      Aase, Knut K. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-09)
      In the canonical model of investments, the optimal fractions in the risky assets do not depend on the time horizon. This is against empirical evidence, and against the typical recommendations of portfolio managers. We ...
    • Investor State Dispute Settlement and Multinational Firm Behavior 

      Schjelderup, Guttorm; Stähler, Frank (Discussion paper;4/17, Working paper, 2017-03-30)
      Investor-state dispute settlements (ISDS) were supposed to become an integral part of multilateral trade and investment agreements although the partner countries of these deals do not suffer from substantial institutional ...
    • Investor-State Dispute Settlement and Multinational Firm Behavior 

      Schjelderup, Guttorm; Stähler, Frank (Discussion paper;9/20, Working paper, 2020-08-28)
      This paper shows that Investor-State Dispute Settlements (ISDS) makes multinational firms more aggressive by increasing cost-reducing investments with the aim to enlarge the potential compensation an ISDS provision may ...
    • Irreversible Investments Revisited 

      Sandal, Leif Kristoffer; Steinshamn, Stein Ivar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-07)
      A non-linear dynamic model in two state variables, two controls and three cost terms is presented for the purpose of finding the optimal combination of exploitation and capital investment in optimal renewable resource ...
    • Is Legal Pot Crippling Mexican Drug Trafficking Organizations? The Effect of Medical Marijuana Laws on US Crime 

      Gavrilova, Evelina; Kamada, Takuma; Zoutman, Floris T. (Discussion paper;05/15, Working paper, 2015-01-19)
      We examine the effect of medical marijuana laws (MML) on crime treating the introduc- tion of MML as a quasi-experiment and using three different data sources. First, using data from the Uniform Crime Reports, we find ...
    • Is the cannibalization effect of intermittent renewables important for the German wholesale electricity market? 

      Tselika, Kyriaki (Discussion paper;5/22, Working paper, 2022-02-02)
      Employing a quantile regression model, we investigate the impact of renewable sources on their unit revenues (absolute cannibalization) and value factors (relative cannibalization), as well as the cross-effect between ...
    • Job Loss and Regional Mobility 

      Huttunen, Kristiina; Møen, Jarle; Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar (Discussion paper;03/15, Working paper, 2015-01-19)
      It is well documented that displaced workers suffer severe earnings losses, but not why this is so. One reason may be that workers are unable or unwilling to move to regions with better employment opportunities. We study ...
    • Joint Forecasting of Salmon Lice and Treatment Interventions in Aquaculture Operations 

      Narum, Benjamin S.; Berentsen, Geir D. (Discussion paper;7/24, Working paper, 2024-05-27)
      The need for joint forecasting of parasitic lice and associated preventative treatments stems from large monetary losses associated with such treatments, and the distribution of potential future treatments can be used in ...
    • Jump dynamics : the equity premium and the risk-free rate puzzles 

      Aase, Knut K. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-06)
      The paper develops a consumption based equilibrium model, focusing on the risk premium and the risk-free interest rate. We derive testable expressions for these quantities, and confront these with sample estimates for the ...