• Multinationals, minority ownership and tax-efficient financing structures 

      Schindler, Dirk; Schjelderup, Guttorm (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-10)
      We model how multinationals structure their borrowing and lending transactions and find that affiliates in high-tax countries have higher internal and overall debt ratios and lower rental rates of physical capital than ...
    • Multinationals, regulatory competition and outside options 

      Olsen, Trond E.; Osmundsen, Petter (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-12)
      Lower barriers to entry and developments in world capital markets have increased the actual and potential mobility of multinational enterprises. This poses challenges for host countries’ tax and regulation policies. The ...
    • Multinationals, tax competition and outside options 

      Olsen, Trond E.; Osmundsen, Petter (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-09)
      We analyse tax competition when a multinational firm has invested in two countries but also has an outside option, e.g., towards a third country. An interesting finding is that more attractive outside options for firms may ...
    • Name and shame? Evidence from the European Union tax haven blacklist 

      Polakova, Aija (Discussion paper;18/18, Working paper, 2018-12-14)
      I study publication of the European Union (EU) tax haven blacklist on December 5, 2017 to examine whether and how the use of recognized tax havens affects firm value. I find that the tax haven naming and shaming by the EU ...
    • The Nash bargaining solution vs. equilibrium in a reinsurance syndicate 

      Aase, Knut K. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-05)
      We compare the Nash bargaining solution in a reinsurance syndicate to the competitive equilibrium allocation, focusing on uncertainty and risk aversion. Restricting attention to proportional reinsurance treaties, we find ...
    • Negative volatility and the survival of the western financial markets 

      Aase, Knut K. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-01)
      The paper discusses situations where certain parameters are given values that are outside their natural ranges. One case is obtained when plugging in a negative value for the volatility parameter in the Black and Scholes ...
    • A new approach of fitting biomass dynamics models to real data based on a linear total allowable catch (TAC) rule : an optimal control approach 

      Ussif, Al-Amin M.; Sandal, Leif Kristoffer; Steinshamn, Stein Ivar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-05)
      A non-traditional approach of fitting dynamic resource biomass models to data is developed in this paper. The adjoint technique is an optimal control or a variational method for parameter identification. It provides a novel ...
    • New econ for life actuaries 

      Aase, Knut K.; Persson, Svein-Arne (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-03)
      In an editorial in ASTIN BULLETIN, Hans Bühlmann (2002) suggests it is time to change the teaching of life insurance theory towards the real life challenges of that industry. The following note is a response to this ...
    • Newspaper Differentiation and Investments in Journalism: The Role of Tax Policy 

      Kind, Hans Jarle; Schjelderup, Guttorm; Stähler, Frank (Discussion paper;12/09, Working paper, 2009-11)
      Newspapers are considered to be important providers of information, culture and language, and are taxed at a reduced VAT rate in most countries. This paper shows that such a policy may a¤ect newspaper differentiation and ...
    • Newspapers and Advertising: The Effects of Ad-Valorem Taxation under Duopoly 

      Kind, Hans Jarle; Schjelderup, Guttorm; Stähler, Frank (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-01)
      Newspapers are two-sided platforms that sell their product both to readers and advertisers. Media firms in general, and newspapers in particular, are considered important providers of information, culture and language in ...
    • Nodal pricing in a coupled electricity market 

      Bjørndal, Endre; Bjørndal, Mette; Cai, Hong (Arbeidsnotat;27/14, Working paper, 2014-06)
      This paper investigates a pricing model for an electricity market with a hybrid congestion management method, i.e. part of the system applies a nodal pricing scheme and the rest applies a zonal pricing scheme. The model ...
    • Non-linear anonymous pricing in combinatorial auctions 

      Drexl, Andreas; Jörnsten, Kurt; Knof, Diether (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-08)
    • Non-parametric estimation of conditional densities: A new method 

      Otneim, Håkon; Tjøstheim, Dag (Discussion paper;22/16, Working paper, 2016-12-07)
      Let X = (X1,...,Xp) be a stochastic vector having joint density function fX(x) with partitions X1 = (X1,...,Xk) and X2 = (Xk+1,...,Xp). A new method for estimating the conditional density function of X1 given X2 is presented. ...
    • The nonequivalence of the earnings and dividends approaches to equity valuation 

      Stecher, Jack Douglas (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-09)
      Accounting theory treats a wide class of equity valuation approaches as equivalent. For example, under clean surplus accounting, the earnings approach is viewed as identical to the discounted dividends approach. Empirical ...
    • A note on a barrier exchange option : the world’s simplest option formula? 

      Lindset, Snorre; Persson, Svein-Arne (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-08)
      The paper analyzes a barrier exchange option that is knocked out the first time the two underlying assets have identical market values. Under rather general conditions regarding the price processes for the underlying assets, ...
    • Now or Later? Trading wind power closer to real-time and how poorly designed subsidies lead to higher balancing costs 

      Mauritzen, Johannes (Discussion papers;2013/01, Working paper, 2013-04)
      An important challenge facing many deregulated electricity markets is dealing with the increasing penetration of intermittent generation. Simulation studies have pointed to the advantages of trading closer to real-time ...
    • Oil Price Shocks and Stock Return Predictability 

      Sørensen, Lars Qvingstad (Discussion paper;13/09, Working paper, 2009-11)
      Recent research has documented that oil price changes lead the aggregate market in most industrialized countries, and has argued that it represents an anomaly - an underreaction to information that investors can profit ...
    • Oil Prices and the Renewable Energy Sector 

      Kyritsis, Evangelos; Serletis, Apostolos (Discussion paper;15/17, Working paper, 2017-11-14)
      Energy security, climate change, and growing energy demand issues are moving up on the global political agenda, and contribute to the rapid growth of the renewable energy sector. In this paper we investigate the effects ...
    • On revenue and welfare dominance of ad valorem taxes in two-sided markets 

      Kind, Hans Jarle; Koethenbuerger, Marko; Schjelderup, Guttorm (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-09)
      A benchmark result in public economics is that it is possible to increase both tax revenue and welfare by making a monopoly subject to ad valorem taxes rather than unit taxes. We show that such revenue and welfare ...
    • On the consistency of the Lucas pricing formula 

      Aase, Knut K. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-04)
      In order to find the real market value of an asset in an exchange economy, one would typically apply the formula appearing in Lucas (1978), developed in a discrete time framework. This theory has also been extended to ...