• Asset ownership and risk aversion 

      Bragelien, Iver (Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998-12)
      I suggest a model for two managers/owners and two assets, where the optimal allocation of ownership rights is jointly determined by the parties’ risk aversion and the specificity of their investments. The managers are ...
    • Asset specificity and vertical integration 

      Kvaløy, Ola (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-09)
      Asset specificity is usually considered to be an argument for vertical integration. The main idea is that specificity induces opportunistic behaviour, and that vertical integration reduces this problem of opportunism. In ...
    • Assimilation of real time series data into a dynamic bioeconomic fisheries model : an application to the Norwegian cod fishery stock 

      Ussif, Al-Amin M.; Sandal, Leif Kristoffer; Steinshamn, Stein Ivar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-05)
      This paper combines the new and elegant technique of inverse methods and a Monte Carlo procedure to analyze real data for the Norwegian cod fishery (NCF) stock. A simple nonlinear dynamic resource model is calibrated to ...
    • Auditor detected misstatements and the effect of information technology 

      Austen, Lizabeth A.; Eilifsen, Aasmund; Messier, William F. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-12)
      This paper presents information on the causes and detection of misstatements by auditors and the relationship of those misstatements with information technology (IT). The last major study of misstatements and IT used data ...
    • Autonomous vessels: State of the art and potential opportunities in logistics 

      Gu, Yewen; Goez, Julio C.; Guajardo, Mario; Wallace, Stein W. (Discussion paper;6/19, Working paper, 2019-09-05)
      The growth in technology on autonomous transportation systems is currently motivating a number of research initiatives. This paper first presents a survey of the literature on autonomous marine vessels in general. By ...
    • Backhauling in forest transportation : models, methods and practical usage 

      Carlsson, Dick; Rönnqvist, Mikael (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006)
      Transportation planning in forestry is divided into strategic, tactical and operational depending on the length of the planning horizon. We consider a tactical problem of finding efficient backhauling routes. Given a set ...
    • Balanced scorecards: a relational contract approach 

      Kvaløy, Ola; Olsen, Trond E. (Discussion paper;3/20, Working paper, 2020-05-08)
      Reward systems based on balanced scorecards typically connect pay to an index, i.e. a weighted sum of multiple performance measures. However, there is no formal incentive model that actually describe this kind of index ...
    • Bank Supervision after the Financial Crisis: Signals from the Market for Liquidity 

      Nyborg, Kjell G. (Discussion paper;14/15, Working paper, 2015-04-10)
      The financial turmoil that we have been living with since August 2007 has left central banks, regulators, politicians, and economists with two big, overriding questions: How do we best get out of the crisis and how should ...
    • Batteries in Offshore Support vessels - Pollution, climate impact and economics 

      Lindstad, Haakon Elizabeth; Eskeland, Gunnar S.; Rialland, Agathe (Discussion paper;21/16, Working paper, 2016-12-07)
      This paper assesses the pros and the cons of installing batteries on offshore support vessels. These vessels are specially designed to provide services to oil and gas operations, such as anchor handling, supply and subsea ...
    • Bayesian estimation of NIG-parameters by Markov chain Monte Carlo methods 

      Lillestøl, Jostein (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-01)
      The Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distribution recently introduced by Barndorff-Nielsen (1997) is a promising alternative for modelling financial data exhibiting skewness and fat tails. In this paper we explore the Bayesian ...
    • A behavioral explanation of the relative performance evaluation puzzle 

      Fershtman, Chaim; Hvide, Hans K.; Weiss, Yoram (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002-11)
      We study the effects of competitive preferences, where Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) compare their wage to the wage of other CEOs within the same industry, and derive additional utility from being ahead of them. We show ...
    • Benefit efficient statistical distributions on patient lists 

      Ubøe, Jan; Lillestøl, Jostein (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006)
      In this paper we consider statistical distributions of different types of patients on the patient lists of doctors. In our framework different types of patients have different preferences regarding their preferred choice ...
    • Best estimate reporting with asymmetric loss 

      Lillestøl, Jostein; Sinding-Larsen, Richard (Discussion paper;07/15, Working paper, 2015-01-30)
      This paper considers the problem of point prediction based on a predictive distribution, representing the uncertainty about the outcome. The issue explored is the reporting of a single characteristic, typically the mean, ...
    • Beta-creaming 

      Lillestøl, Jostein; Sinding-Larsen, Richard (Discussion paper;08/15, Working paper, 2015-02-09)
      This paper considers sampling proportional to expected size from a partly unknown distribution. The applied context is the exploration for undiscovered resources, like oil accumulations in different deposits, where the ...
    • Beyond the local mean-variance analysis in continuous time. The problem of non-normality 

      Aase, Knut K.; Lillestøl, Jostein (Discussion paper;11/15, Working paper, 2015-02-23)
      The paper investigates the effects of deviations from normality on the estimates of risk premiums and the real equilibrium, short-term interest rate in the conventional rational expectations equilibrium model of Lucas ...
    • Bidding and performance in repo auctions : evidence from ECB open market operations 

      Bindseil, Ulrich; Nyborg, Kjell G.; Strebulaev, Ilya A. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-07)
      Repo auctions are used to inject central bank funds against collateral into the banking sector. The ECB uses standard discriminatory auctions and hundreds of banks participate. The amount auctioned over the monthly reserve ...
    • Bidding in mandatory bankruptcy auctions : theory and evidence 

      Eckbo, B. Espen; Thorburn, Karin S. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-07)
      We analyze bidding incentives and present evidence on takeover premiums in mandatory Swedish bankruptcy auctions, where three-quarters of the firms are sold as going concerns. The bankrupt firms’ main creditors (banks) ...
    • A branch and price algorithm for the combined vehicle routing and scheduling problem with synchronization constraints 

      Bredström, David; Rönnqvist, Mikael (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007)
      In this paper we present a branch and price algorithm for the combined vehicle routing and scheduling problem with synchronization constraints. The synchronization constraints are used to model situations when two or more ...
    • Business model digitalization, competition, and tax savings 

      Casi, Elisa; Lisowsky, Petro; Stage, Barbara M. B.; Todtenhaupt, Maximilian (Discussion paper;6/24, Working paper, 2024-03-13)
      We examine the effect of business model digitalization on competition and how corporate tax savings through digitalization may augment this relationship. Global policymakers express concern that digitalization-related tax ...
    • Callable risky perpetual debt : options, pricing and bankruptcy implications 

      Mjøs, Aksel; Persson, Svein-Arne (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-01-05)
      Issuances of perpetual risky debt are often motivated by capital requirements for financial institutions. However, observed market practice indicates that actual maturity equals first possible call date. We analyze callable ...