• Stochastic programming, cooperation, and risk exchange 

      Flåm, Sjur Didrik (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-08)
      Stochastic programming offers handy instruments to analyze exchange of goods and risks. Absent efficient markets for some of those items, such programming may imitate or synthesize market-like transfers among concerned ...
    • Stochastic programs with binary distributions: Structural properties of scenario trees and algorithms 

      Prochazka, Vit; Wallace, Stein W. (Discussion paper;12/17, Working paper, 2017-10-27)
      Binary random variables often refer to such as customers that are present or not, roads that are open or not, machines that are operable or not. At the same time, stochastic programs often apply to situations where penalties ...
    • Stochastic Stackelberg equilibria with applications to time dependent newsvendor models 

      Sandal, Leif Kristoffer; Øksendal, Bernt; Ubøe, Jan (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2011-05)
    • Strategic defaults and priority violations under costly state verification 

      Hvide, Hans K.; Leite, Tore (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002-06)
      We reformulate the classic CSV model of financial contracting from Townsend (1979) and Gale & Hellwig (1985) to tackle criticisms raised against it, such as lack of subgame-perfectness at the repayment stage and its inability ...
    • Strategic insider trading equilibrium : a filter theory approach 

      Aase, Knut K.; Bjuland, Terje; Øksendal, Bernt (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-08)
      The continuous-time version of Kyle's (1985) model of asset pricing with asymmetric information is studied, and generalized in various directions, i.e., by allowing time-varying liquidity trading, and by having weaker ...
    • Strategic insider trading equilibrium : a forward integration approach 

      Aase, Knut K.; Bjuland, Terje; Øksendal, Bernt (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-11)
      The continuous-time version of Kyle’s (1985) model of asset pricing with asymmetric information is studied, and generalized in various directions, i.e., by allowing time-varying noise trading, and by allowing the orders ...
    • Strategic Insider Trading Equilibrium with a non-fiduciary market maker 

      Aase, Knut K.; Øksendal, Bernt (Discussion paper;2/19, Working paper, 2019-08-28)
      The continuous-time version of Kyle's (1985) model is studied, in which market makers are not fiduciaries. They have some market power which they utilize to set the price to their advantage, resulting in positive expected ...
    • Strategic Insider Trading in Continuous Time: A New Approach 

      Aase, Knut K.; Øksendal, Bernt (Discussion paper;3/19, Working paper, 2019-08-29)
      The continuous-time version of Kyle's (1985) model of asset pricing with asymmetric information is studied, and generalized by allowing time-varying noise trading. From rather simple assumptions we are able to derive the ...
    • Strategic pricing of commodities 

      Jörnsten, Kurt; Ubøe, Jan (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006)
      In this paper we will consider a setting where a large number of agents are trading commodity bundles. Assuming that agents of the same type have a certain utility attached to each transaction, we construct a statistical ...
    • Strategic regulation of a multi-national banking industry 

      Dalen, Dag Morten; Olsen, Trond E. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002-12)
      This paper focuses on the consequences of cross-border banking and entry of multi-national bank (MNB) subsidiaries for banking supervision and regulation. When a MNB expands internationally with subsidiaries, the MNB ...
    • Strategic tax competition : implications of national ownership 

      Olsen, Trond E.; Osmundsen, Petter (Discussion paper, Working paper, 1999-11)
      Two jurisdictions compete to capture the rents of a large multinational enterprise (MNE) which invests locally and which is partly owned by local investors. The MNE contributes to local welfare by tax payments and dividends, ...
    • Strategic Technology Switching under Risk Aversion and Uncertainty 

      Sendstad, Lars Hegnes; Chronopoulos, Michail (Discussion paper;10/17, Working paper, 2017-09-12)
      Sequential investment opportunities or the presence of a rival typically hasten investment under risk neutrality. By contrast, greater price uncertainty or risk aversion increase the incentive to postpone investment in the ...
    • Structural breaks in point processes: with an application to reporting delays for trades on the New York stock exchange 

      Andersson, Jonas; Moberg, Jan-Magnus (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007)
      In this paper some methods to determine the reporting delays for trades on the New York stock exchange are proposed and compared. The most successful method is based on a simple model of the quote revision process and a ...
    • The Structure of MMP-Elections 

      Stensholt, Eivind (Discussion paper;9/21, Working paper, 2021-12-15)
      In MMP-elections (Mixed Member Proportional representation), a QP-ballot contains a first-vote for party Q’s candidate in a single-seat constituency and a second-vote for a list of candidates from party P in one common ...
    • A Subgame Perfect Approach to a Multi-Period Stackelberg Game with Dynamic, Price-Dependent, Distributional-Robust Demand 

      Fakhrabadi, Mahnaz; Sandal, Leif K. (Discussion paper;4/23, Working paper, 2023-03-22)
      This paper investigates a multi-periodic channel optimization facing uncertain, price dependent, and dynamic demand. The picture of the market uncertainty is incomplete, and only the price and time-dependent mean and ...
    • Sulphur Abatement Globally in Maritime Shipping 

      Lindstad, Elizabeth; Rehn, Carl Fredrik; Eskeland, Gunnar S. (Discussion paper;8/17, Working paper, 2017-06-29)
      In 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) decided on global regulations to reduce sulphur emissions to air from maritime shipping starting 2020. The regulation implies that ships can continue to use residual ...
    • Sun and lemons : getting over information asymmetries in the California Solar Market 

      Mauritzen, Johannes (Discussion paper;35/14, Working paper, 2014-09)
      Using detailed data of approximately 125,000 solar photovoltaic systems installed in California between 2007 and 2014 I argue that the adoption of solar panels from Chinese manufacturers and the in- troduction of a ...
    • Sunspot equilibria and the transfer paradox 

      Hens, Thorsten; Pilgrim, Beate (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-04)
      We show that for international economies with two countries, in which agents have additively separable utility functions, the existence of sunspot equilibria is equivalent to the occurrence of the transfer paradox. This ...
    • Supply Chain Optimization in Pulp Distribution using a Rolling Horizon Solution Approach 

      Bredström, David; Rönnqvist, Mikael (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006)
      In this paper we consider a combined supply chain and ship routing problem for a large pulp producer in Scandinavia. The problem concerns the distribution of pulp to customers, with route scheduling of ships as a central ...
    • Supply chain planning of harvest operations and transportation after the storm Gudrun 

      Broman, Håkan; Frisk, Mikael; Rönnqvist, Mikael (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006)
      The storm Gudrun hit southern Sweden in January 2005 and approximately 70 million cubic meters of forest was wind felled. The existing logistic planning at forest companies in the damaged area had to be changed over night. ...