• Apple's Agency Model and the Role of Resale Price Maintenance 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Shaffer, Greg (Discussion paper;32/15, Working paper, 2015-11-27)
      The agency model is a business format used by online digital platform providers (such as Apple and Google) in which retail pricing decisions are delegated to upstream content providers subject to a fixed revenue-sharing ...
    • Coordinate to obfuscate? The role of prior announcements of recommended prices 

      Foros, Øystein; Nguyen-Ones, Mai (Discussion paper;14/20, Working paper, 2020-11-18)
      Firms may want to coordinate industry-wide price jumps that are predictable for rivals, however, unpredictable for consumers. We show how such coordination is carried out in Norwegian gasoline retailing. Overnight, the ...
    • Empirical evidence on the relationship between mobile termination rates and firms' profit 

      Andersson, Kjetil; Foros, Øystein; Hansen, Bjørn (Discussion paper;2012:10, Working paper, 2012-08)
      The comprehensive theoretical literature on mobile termination rates (MTRs) is inconclusive on how the level of MTRs affects overall consumer charges and firms’ profit. In a theoretical model, well suited for econometric ...
    • Foreclosure in contests 

      Clark, Derek J.; Foros, Øystein; Sand, Jan Yngve (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-12)
      We consider a contest in which one firm is a favourite as it initially has a cost advantage over rivals. Instead of taking the set of rivals as given, we consider the possibility that the favourite transfers the source ...
    • Gasoline prices jump up on Mondays : an outcome of aggressive competition? 

      Foros, Øystein; Steen, Frode (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-04)
      This paper examines Norwegian gasoline pump prices using daily station-specific observations from March 2003 to March 2006. Whereas studies that have analyzed similar price cycles in other countries find support for the ...
    • Hotelling competition with multi-purchasing 

      Anderson, Simon P.; Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-12)
      We analyze a Hotelling model where consumers either buy one out of two goods (single-purchase) or both (multi-purchase). The firms pricing strategies turn out to be fundamentally different if some consumers multi-purchase ...
    • Mergers and partial ownership 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Shaffer, Greg (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-12)
      In this paper we compare the profitability of a merger between two firms (one firm fully acquires another) and the profitability of a partial ownership arrangement between the same two firms in which the acquiring firm ...
    • Product quality, competition, and multi-purchasing 

      Anderson, Simon P.; Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Discussion paper;2012:9, Working paper, 2012-08)
      In a Hotelling duopoly model, we introduce quality that is more appreciated by closer consumers. Then higher common quality raises equilibrium prices, in contrast to the standard neutrality result. Furthermore, we allow ...
    • Size-based input price discrimination under endogenous inside options 

      Evensen, Charlotte B.; Foros, Øystein; Haugen, Atle; Kind, Hans Jarle (Discussion paper;4/21, Working paper, 2021-03-04)
      Individual retailers may choose to invest in a substitute to a dominant supplier’s products (inside option) as a way of improving its position towards the supplier. Given that a large retailer has stronger investment ...
    • The Effects of a Day Off from Retail Price Competition: Evidence on Consumer Behavior and Firm Performance in Gasoline Retailing 

      Foros, Øystein; Nguyen, Mai Thi; Steen, Frode (Discussion paper;9/17, Working paper, 2017-07-06)
      First, we analyze how regular days off from competition and a time-dependent price pattern affect firm performance. Second, we examine the effects on firms' profitability from consumers’ changing search- and timing behavior. ...