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dc.contributor.authorLindstad, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorRehn, Carl Fredrik
dc.contributor.authorEskeland, Gunnar S.
dc.date.accessioned2017-06-29T09:55:12Z
dc.date.available2017-06-29T09:55:12Z
dc.date.issued2017-06-29
dc.identifier.issn1500-4066
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2447332
dc.description.abstractIn 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) decided on global regulations to reduce sulphur emissions to air from maritime shipping starting 2020. The regulation implies that ships can continue to use residual fuels with a high sulphur content, such as heavy fuel oil (HFO), if they employ scrubbers to desulphurise the exhaust gases. Alternatively, they can use fuels with less than 0.5% sulphur, such as desulphurised HFO, distillates (diesel) or liquefied natural gas (LNG). The options of lighter fuels and desulphurisation entail costs, including higher energy consumption at refineries, and the present study identifies and compares compliance options as a function of ship type and operational patterns. The results indicate distillates as an attractive option for smaller vessels, while scrubbers will be an attractive option for larger vessels. For all vessels, apart from the largest fuel consumers, residual fuels desulphurised to less than 0.5 % sulphur are also a competing abatement option. Moreover, we analyse the interaction between global SOX reductions and CO2 (and fuel consumption), and the results indicate that the higher fuel cost for distillates will motivate shippers to lower speeds, which will offset the increased CO2 emissions at the refineries. Scrubbers, in contrast, will raise speeds and CO2 emissions.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.publisherFORnb_NO
dc.relation.ispartofseriesDiscussion paper;8/17
dc.subjectShipping and the environmentnb_NO
dc.subjectAbatement cost and optionsnb_NO
dc.subjectCO2nb_NO
dc.subjectMarine fuelsnb_NO
dc.subjectMARPOLnb_NO
dc.subjectIMOnb_NO
dc.titleSulphur Abatement Globally in Maritime Shippingnb_NO
dc.typeWorking papernb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber25nb_NO


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