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dc.contributor.authorLindstad, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.authorRehn, Carl Fredrik
dc.contributor.authorEskeland, Gunnar
dc.date.accessioned2017-11-08T09:20:10Z
dc.date.available2017-11-08T09:20:10Z
dc.date.created2017-11-01T18:40:10Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.identifier.citationTransportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2017, 57 303-313.nb_NO
dc.identifier.issn1361-9209
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/11250/2464830
dc.description.abstractIn 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) decided on global regulations to reduce sulphur emissions to air from maritime shipping starting 2020. The regulation implies that ships can continue to use residual fuels with a high sulphur content, such as heavy fuel oil (HFO), if they employ scrubbers to desulphurise the exhaust gases. Alternatively, they can use fuels with less than 0.5% sulphur, such as desulphurised HFO, distillates (diesel) or liquefied natural gas (LNG). The options of lighter fuels and desulphurisation entail costs, including higher energy consumption at refineries, and the present study identifies and compares compliance options as a function of ship type and operational patterns. The results indicate distillates as an attractive option for smaller vessels, while scrubbers will be an attractive option for larger vessels. For all vessels, apart from the largest fuel consumers, residual fuels desulphurised to less than 0.5 % sulphur are also a competing abatement option. Moreover, we analyse the interaction between global SOX reductions and CO2 (and fuel consumption), and the results indicate that the higher fuel cost for distillates will motivate shippers to lower speeds, which will offset the increased CO2 emissions at the refineries. Scrubbers, in contrast, will raise speeds and CO2 emissions.nb_NO
dc.language.isoengnb_NO
dc.subjectShipping and the environmentnb_NO
dc.subjectAbatement cost and optionsnb_NO
dc.subjectCO2nb_NO
dc.subjectMarine fuelsnb_NO
dc.subjectMARPOLnb_NO
dc.subjectIMOnb_NO
dc.titleSulphur Abatement Globally in Maritime Shippingnb_NO
dc.typeJournal articlenb_NO
dc.typePeer reviewednb_NO
dc.description.versionacceptedVersionnb_NO
dc.source.pagenumber303-313nb_NO
dc.source.volume57nb_NO
dc.source.journalTransportation Research Part D: Transport and Environmentnb_NO
dc.identifier.cristin1510010
cristin.unitcode191,10,0,0
cristin.unitnameInstitutt for foretaksøkonomi
cristin.ispublishedtrue
cristin.fulltextpostprint
cristin.qualitycode2


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