Exploring the Role of Industrial Symbiosis in Advancing the Green Transition: A Case Study of Maritime Clusters in Western Norway
Abstract
Introduction: While industrial symbiosis is gaining international recognition, research in a Norwegian and maritime context remains limited. This thesis addresses this literature gap by exploring the role of industrial symbiosis in advancing the green transition within maritime clusters in Western Norway. The study investigates industrial symbiosis practices within maritime clusters, examines the dynamics of cooperation and competition, and identifies key drivers and barriers to industrial symbiosis implementation. Moreover, it provides insights and recommendations to support Norwegian maritime clusters in their green transition.
Methodology: The study utilised an exploratory, qualitative case study approach to explore two cases: Grøn Region Vestland and Symbiose Fjordane. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants from clusters and facilitating organisations. An inductive approach was employed, providing flexibility and enabling an exploration of the dynamics of industrial symbiosis.
Findings: The findings reveal familiarity with industrial symbiosis and strong commitment among maritime clusters to adapt to this circular strategy, although its implementation is in the early stages. The study uncovers that sectorial boundaries should not confine industrial symbiosis. It emphasises the importance of cooperation, enabled by geographic proximity, facilitation, knowledge sharing, and the balance of cooperation and competition through co-opetition. The study also identifies a complex interplay of factors impacting industrial symbiosis in maritime clusters, often acting simultaneously as drivers and barriers. The study presents insights suggesting that maritime clusters can benefit from being a first mover and succeed with industrial symbiosis by building a collaborative culture. Additionally, it suggests recommendations for maritime clusters to engage with policymakers, expand their network of cooperators and leverage their unique competitive advantages.
Discussion: We underscore industrial symbiosis as a viable strategy for Norwegian maritime clusters to adapt to an evolving business landscape. While the associated economic risks should be considered, it may offer an advantageous investment opportunity. This research contributes to the growing literature on industrial symbiosis and provides a roadmap for industry actors.