• Multinationals’ mode of entry with presence of vertical spillovers 

      Balsvik, Ragnhild (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-02)
      Multinationals’ mode of foreign expansion may depend on whether or not they expect technological externalities or spillovers to generate new competition. Existing models where ex-post spillovers affect the ex-ante entry ...
    • Tax shifting in long-term gas sales contracts 

      Asche, Frank; Osmundsen, Petter; Tveterås, Ragnar (Working paper, Working paper, 2002-01)
      Producers or consumers faced with an increase in taxes are usually able to shift parts of it to other levels in the value chain. We examine who are actually bearing the burden of increased taxes on natural gas in the EU-area ...