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Sulphur Abatement Globally in Maritime Shipping

Lindstad, Elizabeth; Rehn, Carl Fredrik; Eskeland, Gunnar
Journal article, Peer reviewed
Accepted version
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/2464830
Date
2017
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Original version
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment. 2017, 57 303-313.  
Abstract
In 2016, the International Maritime Organization (IMO) decided on global regulations

to reduce sulphur emissions to air from maritime shipping starting 2020. The regulation

implies that ships can continue to use residual fuels with a high sulphur content, such as heavy

fuel oil (HFO), if they employ scrubbers to desulphurise the exhaust gases. Alternatively, they

can use fuels with less than 0.5% sulphur, such as desulphurised HFO, distillates (diesel) or

liquefied natural gas (LNG). The options of lighter fuels and desulphurisation entail costs,

including higher energy consumption at refineries, and the present study identifies and

compares compliance options as a function of ship type and operational patterns.

The results indicate distillates as an attractive option for smaller vessels, while

scrubbers will be an attractive option for larger vessels. For all vessels, apart from the largest

fuel consumers, residual fuels desulphurised to less than 0.5 % sulphur are also a competing

abatement option. Moreover, we analyse the interaction between global SOX reductions and

CO2 (and fuel consumption), and the results indicate that the higher fuel cost for distillates

will motivate shippers to lower speeds, which will offset the increased CO2 emissions at the

refineries. Scrubbers, in contrast, will raise speeds and CO2 emissions.
Journal
Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment

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