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Childbirth, household labor division and gender equality : evidence from ten European countries

Cilia, Francesco; Halland, and Anders
Master thesis
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2644229
Date
2019
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  • Master Thesis [3749]
Abstract
As couples transition into parenthood, they can face adjustments in terms of the

labor division of standard household tasks. In this thesis, we analyze a selection of

ten European countries utilizing a Regression Discontinuity-like approach and assess

whether households experience any significant shift in relative standard housework

shares. We exploit data obtained by the Generations and Gender Program to

compare heterosexual couples that have just given birth to their first child to those

who are about to do so and look at work sharing on seven different household tasks.

We find mixed evidence: when we consider a very narrow time window around the

event of birth, our estimates suggest that couples share tasks more equally in the

time after birth. On the other hand, when switching to a broader bandwidth of 48

months, birth effects fade out as there are no significant estimates and, if anything,

trends in the data suggest a gradual deepening of the gendered housework labor

division as time passes. We relate our findings to both measured labor market

outcomes and descriptive statistics on childcare and expand the analysis by running

a heterogeneity check of our estimates by first splitting the sample according to

geographical region and subsequently according to the relative education levels

between the partners. We fail to find heterogeneous effects for the latter, while the

regional analysis shows that the results are sensitive to which countries we consider.

Furthermore, mothers reduce their employment and hours supplied to paid work

relative to childless women. Lastly, fathers show an increased probability of labor

force participation in the period after childbirth.

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