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Breaking the barriers : operational measures for the decarbonization of shipping : a study on barriers to operational energy efficiency measures

Holsvik, Eline Hagen; Williksen, Kristina
Master thesis
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URI
https://hdl.handle.net/11250/2735045
Date
2020
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  • Master Thesis [3346]
Abstract
Energy efficiency is a key strategy to address the issue of climate change. Operational

measures that increase energy efficiency are widely used in shipping, but there is evidence

of a gap between the actual implementation level and what would be optimal. This

is dubbed the energy efficiency gap. This paper aims to examine which barriers are

responsible for the energy efficiency gap in deep-sea shipping and how policy intervention

can mitigate it.

Contributing to the literature on operational energy efficiency measures in shipping, we

look to former studies and synthesize former research results to give a comprehensive

overview of the subject. Further, we contribute to the literature by analyzing four existing

and potential policy regulations and investigating their likely effect on the industry and

the energy efficiency gap. This will give a firm foundation for advancing knowledge,

facilitating theory development, providing a unifying status check on operational measures,

and how policy instruments can affect the uptake of these measures. Our analysis also

identifies areas where the current and proposed industry regulations seem insufficient to

drive change and where other or stricter policy instruments may be required.

Our findings suggest that split incentives and imperfect information are the main barriers to

closing the energy efficiency gap for operational measures in shipping. Policy instruments

can help facilitate the uptake of these measures if designed correctly. However, our

findings suggest that none of the four regulations addressed in this thesis are likely to

solve the problem with a lack of reliable information. Further, MBMs can make monetary

savings from reduced emissions more substantial than today and give incentives to reduce

emissions. However, contractual clauses and the presence of other market barriers can

limit the MBMs effect on vessels’ behavior. Consequently, to significantly reduce the

emissions from shipping, we argue that the industry should be focusing on finding ways to

improve the quality of information about vessels’ performance regarding energy efficiency

and on exploring new contractual structures.

Keywords – Sustainable shipping, energy efficiency, operational measures, IMO, GHG,

operational efficiency.

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