Analysis of Norwegian Offshore Wind Power Production : Ranking wind farm locations using a composite index method

Abstract

This thesis studies wind power production within the Norwegian Economic Zone, and analyzes the potential production of wind power farm locations outlined by the Norwegian Water Resource and Energy Directorate. Offshore wind farms have great potential as an energy source, but have high initial investment and maintenance costs, and finding the optimal locations for production is therefore essential. We use estimation data on offshore wind production, Norwegian energy consumption, and the filling degree of Norwegian hydropower plants. We perform a descriptive analysis, exploring how seasonal variations in wind power production relate to Norwegian electricity consumption, and how offshore wind can benefit Norwegian hydropower reservoirs. We find that in an average year, wind power production and electricity consumption will follow a similar seasonal cycle. The output potential of offshore wind power peaks during months with high electricity demand, which suggests that offshore wind is suited to Norwegian energy needs. Additionally, we find that wind power production and water levels in Norwegian reservoirs do not follow the same pattern. Water levels are at their lowest point during the spring, a period when the wind power output is still substantial. Therefore, we argue that offshore wind is a good complementary energy source for hydropower. To analyze the potential of the suggested locations we use three indicators that reflect the capability of the locations in a composite index. The index ranks the locations based on power output, stability, and correlation with Norway's electricity consumption. The three locations scoring the highest are "Sørlige Nordsjø 2", "Sørlige Nordsjø l " , and "Nordøyan - Ytre Vikna", all located in the southern half of Norway.