| dc.description.abstract | The majority of global ammonia production relies on non-renewable energy, as green
ammonia is substantially more expensive. However, the energy landscape is changing,
and countries like Denmark are expanding their capacity in renewable energy. Given this
increase in renewable capacity, demand for ammonia, and net-zero solutions, it is essential
to reduce the total cost of ammonia and increase its competitiveness.
The primary objective of this thesis is to study the feasibility of decreasing the overall cost
of ammonia in the established renewable market of Denmark. The ammonia production
configuration considered in this thesis consists of alkaline water electrolysis and Haber-
Bosch synthesis. We employed a multi-period, mixed integer optimisation model over the
three coming decades and adjusted key elements to see their effect on cost. The ammonia
system considered is grid-connected to the west Denmark electricity grid DK1 and utilise
historical NordPool data from the same electricity grid for our optimization model.
The findings indicates that savings of up to 1,5 percent are possible for ammonia production,
when utilising excess production capacity and the capabilities are improved to satisfy
annual demand. The savings occur as a result of more production during advantageous
time periods. However, excessive production capacity increases costs as a result of the
systems capabilities. Furthermore, we find intermediate hydrogen storage to not be
beneficial, except for long-term periods of extreme electricity price volatility with no
excess production capacity. Additionally, the alkaline electrolysis should be minimized
in relations to the appropriate excess production capacity of the Haber-Bosch synthesis
given its high degradation. | en_US |
