• Making sense of market delineation with the aggregate diversion ratio 

      Daljord, Øystein Børnes; Sørgard, Lars; Thomassen, Øyvind (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-08)
      The US Merger Guidelines leave it an open question if the SSNIP test requires an increase in one, some or all prices in the candidate market. We argue that the characteristics of the candidate market in question should be ...
    • Managerial incentives and access price regulation 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper, Working paper, 2004-10)
      Policy makers have identified the non-discrimination principle as a key instrument to regulate vertically integrated firms in control of upstream bottlenecks. Economists argue that the non-discrimination principle may ...
    • Markedsdynamikk i dataindustrien 

      Sørgard, Lars (Arbeidsnotat, Working paper, 2004-08)
      Hensikten med dette notatet er å betrakte den dynamiske utviklingen i dataindustrien og belyse teorien ved å betrakte hvordan Microsoft har lyktes i å bli dominerende og befeste sin dominans. Vi vil i dette notatet prøve ...
    • Market definition with shock analysis 

      Daljord, Øystein Børnes; Sørgard, Lars; Thomassen, Øyvind (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-11)
      The SSNIP test for market definition requires information about demand substitution and profitability. If detailed information about demand is not available, observed effects of a shock in the industry may be an alternative ...
    • Market segmentation in two-sided markets : tv rights for premier league 

      Kind, Hans Jarle; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper;31/12, Working paper, 2012-12)
      This paper analyzes market segmentation in a two-sided market that consists of media consumers and advertisers. The analysis is motivated by a European Court of Justice Decision in October 2011, which allowed viewers to ...
    • Måling og prioriteringer i konkurransepolitikken 

      Sørgard, Lars (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2013)
      I denne artikkelen vises det hvordan måling av effekter av konkurransepolitikken kan gi uheldige utslag på konkurransemyndighetenes prioriteringer. Hvis en måler effekten av hver enkelt beslutning (direkte effekt), kan det ...
    • Måling og prioriteringer i konkurransepolitikken 

      Sørgard, Lars (Arbeidsnotat;15/12, Working paper, 2012-06)
      Samfunnet er selvsagt opptatt av at konkurransemyndighetene foretar de riktige valgene, og derigjennom bidrar til en effektiv bruk av samfunnets ressurser. Sett i et slikt perspektiv er det fornuftig at en måler effekten ...
    • Media competition on the Internet 

      Barros, Pedro P.; Kind, Hans Jarle; Nilssen, Tore; Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-08)
      This paper presents a model of competition between two advertisingfinanced media firms, and we apply the model to analyze competition between portals on the Internet. First, we show that equilibrium prices of advertising ...
    • Media competition when the audience dislikes advertising : a theory of vertical alliances on the internet 

      Barros, Pedro P.; Kind, Hans Jarle; Nilssen, Tore; Sørgard, Lars (Working Paper, Working paper, 2002-12)
      This paper presents a model of media competition in a situation where the media is advertising-financed, but where the media consumers dislike commercials. It is shown that equilibrium prices of advertising are actually ...
    • Merger profitability in unionized oligopoly 

      Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Straume, Odd Rune; Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-05)
      We examine how a merger affects wages of unionized labour and, in turn, the profitability of a merger under both Cournot and Bertrand competition. If unions are plant-specific, we find that a merger is more profitable ...
    • Merger simulations with observed diversion ratios 

      Mathiesen, Lars; Nilsen, Øivind Anti; Sørgard, Lars (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      One approach to merger simulations used in antitrust cases is to calibrate demand from market shares and a few additional parameters. When the products involved in the merger case are differentiated along several dimensions, ...
    • Merger simulations with observed diversion ratios 

      Mathiesen, Lars; Nilsen, Øivind Anti; Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-10)
      A common approach to merger simulations used in antitrust cases is to calibrate demand from market shares and a few additional parameters. When the products involved in the merger case are differentiated along several ...
    • Merger simulations with observed diversion ratios 

      Mathiesen, Lars; Nilsen, Øivind Anti; Sørgard, Lars (2010:46, Working paper, 2010-09)
      A common approach to merger simulations used in antitrust cases is to calibrate demand from market shares and a few additional parameters. When the products involved in the merger case are differentiated along several ...
    • National versus international mergers in unionised oligopoly 

      Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Straume, Odd Rune; Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-06)
      We analyse how the presence of trade unions affects the pattern of mergers in an international oligopoly and the welfare implications thereof. We find that wages for the merger participants are always lower when they ...
    • National versus international mergers in unionised oligopoly 

      Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Straume, Odd Rune; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper, Working paper, 2003-06)
      We analyse how the presence of trade unions affects the pattern of mergers in an international oligopoly and the welfare implications thereof. We find that an international merger results in lower wages for all firms. A ...
    • News sources and media bias 

      Garcia-Pires, Armando J.; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper;21/12, Working paper, 2012-08)
      In this paper we investigate the relationship between news sources and media firms. Although empirically important, this channel for supply-driven media bias has not previously been analyzed in economics literature. We ...
    • Optimal merger policy 

      Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-09)
      The purpose of this article is to investigate the optimal merger policy in the presence of deterrence as well as type I and type II errors. We derive the optimal number of merger investigations, both when the competition ...
    • Price coordination in two-sided markets : competition in the TV Industry 

      Kind, Hans Jarle; Nilssen, Tore; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper, Working paper, 2010-06)
      The TV industry is a two-sided market where both advertisers and viewers buy access to the programs offered by competing TV channels. Under the current market structure advertising prices are typically set by TV channels ...
    • Private label entry as a competitive force? : an analysis of price responses in the Norwegian food sector 

      Gabrielsen, Tommy Staahl; Steen, Frode; Sørgard, Lars (Working Paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      According to existing theory, the introduction of a private label has an ambiguous effect on the prices of competing national brands. We undertake an empirical analysis of the effects of private label entry on national ...
    • Private labels, price rivalry, and public policy 

      Gabrielsen, Tommy Staahl; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-08)
      The article examines how the existence of a retailer owned brand, private label, affects the price setting of a national brand. We find that potential for a private label introduction may lead to price concessions from the ...