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Diffusion of pharmaceuticals : cross-country evidence of anti-TNF drugs

Brekke, Kurt Richard; Dalen, Dag Morten; Holmås, Tor Helge
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/163404
Date
2013-03
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  • Discussion papers (SAM) [586]
Abstract
This paper studies the diffusion of biopharmaceuticals across European countries, focusing on anti-TNF drugs, which are used to treat autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatism, psoriasis). We use detailed sales information on the three brands Remi-cade, Enbrel and Humira for nine European countries covering the period from the first launch in 2000 until becoming blockbusters in 2009. Descriptive statistics reveal large variations across countries in per-capita consumption and price levels both overall and at brand level. We explore potential sources for the cross-country consumption differences by estimating several multivariate regression models. Our results show that large parts of the cross-country variation are explained by time-invariant country-specific factors (e.g., disease prevalence, demographics, health care system). We also find that differences in income (GDP per capita) and health spending (share of GDP) explain the cross-country variation in consumption, while relative price differences seem to have limited impact.
Publisher
Norwegian School of Economics. Department of Economics
Series
Discussion paper;7/2013

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