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Does grief transfer across generations? In-utero deaths and child outcomes

Black, Sandra E.; Devereux, Paul J.; Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar
Working paper
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URI
http://hdl.handle.net/11250/196938
Date
2014-06
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  • Discussion papers (SAM) [586]
Abstract
While much is now known about the effects of physical health shocks to pregnant women on the

outcomes of the in-utero child, we know little about the effects of psychological stresses. One

clear form of stress to the mother comes from the death of a parent. We examine the effects of

the death of the mother’s parent during pregnancy on both the short-run and the long-run

outcomes of the infant. Our primary specification involves using mother fixed effects—

comparing the outcomes of two children with the same mother but where a parent of the mother

died during one of the pregnancies—augmented with a control for whether there is a death

around the time of the pregnancy in order to isolate true causal effects of a bereavement during

pregnancy. We find small negative effects on birth outcomes, and these effects are bigger for

boys than for girls. The effects on birth outcomes seems to be driven by deaths due to

cardiovascular causes suggesting that sudden deaths are more difficult to deal with. However, we

find no evidence of adverse effects on adult outcomes. The results are robust to alternative

specifications.
Publisher
Norwegian School of Economics. Department of Economics
Series
Discussion paper;23/2014

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