• The premium of marine protected areas : a simple valuation model 

      Kvamsdal, Sturla Furunes; Sandal, Leif Kristoffer (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-03)
      Marine Protected Areas are considered as a hedging tool against some of the uncertainties that trouble many fisheries today. Such tools are always connected with a cost; a premium. An optimal harvest rule is combined ...
    • Prestasjonsbasert lønn og turnover : en empirisk undersøkelse på tvers av landegrenser 

      Døsen, Ingeborg; Wastian, Georg Andreas Lokna (Master thesis, 2015)
      I denne utredningen har vi utforsket sammenhengen mellom bruk av bonusordninger, særlig prestasjonsbasert lønn, og turnover for tre sosiale klynger; Skandinavia (Norge, Sverige, Danmark), Anglo (USA, Storbritannia) og ...
    • Price and quality in spatial competition 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-07)
      We study the relationship between competition and quality within a spatial competition framework where firms compete in prices and quality. We generalise existing literature on spatial price-quality competition along ...
    • Price Change Synchronization within and between Firms 

      Nilsen, Øivind A.; Skuterud, Håvard; Webster, Ingeborg Munthe-Kaas (SAM DP;15/2021, Working paper, 2021-08)
      This paper provides evidence on price rigidity at the product- and firm-level in Norway. A strong within-firm synchronization is found supporting the theory of economies of scope in menu costs. The industry synchronization ...
    • Price Changes - Stickiness and Internal Coordination in Multiproduct Firms. 

      Letterie, Wilko; Nilsen, Øivind A. (DP SAM;21, Working paper, 2016-12)
      We assess empirically the micro-foundations of producers’ sticky pricing behaviour. We account for various functional forms of menu costs. The focus is on the analysis of multiproduct plants, and the menu costs therefore ...
    • Price discrimination and three part tariffs in a duopoly 

      Jensen, Sissel (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-03)
      The paper studies how second degree price discrimination can be implemented in a duopoly with differentiated products. Two firms serve consumers having heterogeneous willingness to pay for the good, willingness to pay ...
    • The Price of Cost-effectiveness Thresholds 

      Brekke, Kurt R.; Dalen, Dag Morten; Straume, Odd Rune (SAM DP;04/2023, Working paper, 2023)
      Health systems around world are increasingly adopting cost-effectiveness (CE) analysis to inform decisions about access and reimbursement. We study how CE thresholds imposed by a health plan for granting reimbursement ...
    • The price of decentralisation 

      Norman, Eva Benedicte Danielsen (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-07)
      This paper develops a model for analysing problems related to centralisation and decentralisation. The model is of the new economic geography type, in which there are agglomeration gains in cities but not in rural areas. ...
    • Price patterns resulting from different producer behavior in spatial equilibrium 

      Mathiesen, Lars (Discussion paper;5/2012, Working paper, 2012-03)
      We are concerned with economic analyses of markets from the perspective of supporting a decision maker selling in the market. The competitive pressure and the price formation are central issues. The goal of this paper ...
    • Price stability and inflation persistence during the international gold standard : the Scandinavian case 

      Grytten, Ola Honningdal; Hunnes, Arngrim (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-06)
      In the 1870s the three Scandinavian countries Denmark, Norway and Sweden formed the Scandinavian Currency Union. Both the adoption of gold and the monetary union were supposed to lead to price stability in and between ...
    • Price-dependent profit sharing as an escape from the Bertrand paradox 

      Foros, Øystein; Hagen, Kåre Petter; Kind, Hans Jarle (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-01)
      In this paper we show how an upstream firm can prevent destructive competition among downstream firms producing relatively close substitutes by implementing a price-dependent profit-sharing rule. The rule also ensures ...
    • Price-dependent profit-sharing as a channel coordination device 

      Foros, Øystein; Hagen, Kåre Petter; Kind, Hans Jarle (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-07)
      We show how an upstream firm by using a price-dependent profit-sharing rule can prevent destructive competition between downstream firms that produce relatively close substitutes. With this rule the upstream firm induces ...
    • Priceless: The nonpecuniary benefits of schooling 

      Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar; Oreopoulos, Philip (Journal article; Peer reviewed, 2011)
      Increasing wealth provides key motivation for students to forgo earnings and struggle through exams. But, as we argue in this paper, schooling generates many experiences and affects many dimensions of skill that, in turn, ...
    • Pricing of an interruptible service with financial compensation and rational expectations 

      Schroyen, Fred; Oyenuga, Adekola Oludolapo (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-08)
      This paper proposes a pricing framework that combines the occurrence of supply interruptions with financial compensations. Consumers post ex ante demands for a designated period. These demands are met if ex post supply ...
    • Prison, Mental Health and Family Spillovers 

      Bhuller, Manudeep; Khoury, Laura; Løken, Katrine V. (SAM DP;19/2021, Working paper, 2021-11)
      Does prison cause mental health problems among inmates and their family members? Correlational evidence reveals that the prevalence of mental health problems is much higher among inmates than among the general population, ...
    • Private labels, price rivalry, and public policy 

      Gabrielsen, Tommy Staahl; Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-06)
      The article examines how the existence of a retailer owned brand, private label, affects the price setting of a national brand. We find that the potential for a private label introduction may lead to price concessions ...
    • Pro-poor price trends and inequality - the case of India. 

      Almås, Ingvild; Kjelsrud, Anders (SAM;01/2016, Working paper, 2016-02-08)
      It is well known that people's consumption patterns change with income. Relative price changes therefore affect rich and poor consumers differently. Yet, the standard price indices are not income-specific and hence, the ...
    • Productivity and Firm Selection: Quantifying the "New" Gains from Trade 

      Corcos, Gregory; Del Gatto, Massimo; Mion, Giordano; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I. P. (Discussion Papers;17/2011, Working paper, 2011-09)
      We discuss how standard computable equilibrium models of trade policy can be enriched with selection effects. This is achieved by estimating and simulating a partial equilibrium model that accounts for a number of real ...
    • Progress in the R ecosystem for representing and handling spatial data 

      Bivand, Roger S. (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Twenty years have passed since Bivand and Gebhardt (J Geogr Syst 2(3):307–317, 2000. https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00011460) indicated that there was a good match between the then nascent open-source R programming language ...