• Can competition reduce quality? 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper;9/2012, Working paper, 2012-03)
      We study the effect of competition on quality in markets such as health care, long-term care and education, when providers choose both prices and quality in a setting of spatial competition. We offer a novel mechanism ...
    • Competition and quality in regulated markets with sluggish demand 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Cellini, Roberto; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-08)
      We investigate the effect of competition on quality in regulated markets (e.g., health care, higher education, public utilities), using a Hotelling framework, in the presence of sluggish demand. We take a differential game ...
    • Competition and quality in regulated markets: a differential-game approach 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Straume, Odd Rune; Siciliani, Luigi; Cellini, Roberto (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-02)
      We investigate the effect of competition on quality in regulated markets (e.g., health care, higher education, public utilities) taking a differential game approach, in which quality is a stock variable. Using a Hotelling ...
    • Competition and waiting times in hospital markets 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-03)
      This paper studies the impact of hospital competition on waiting times. We use a Salop-type model, with hospitals that differ in (geographical) location and, potentially, waiting time, and two types of patients; high-benefit ...
    • Diffusion of pharmaceuticals : cross-country evidence of anti-TNF drugs 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Dalen, Dag Morten; Holmås, Tor Helge (Discussion paper;7/2013, Working paper, 2013-03)
      This paper studies the diffusion of biopharmaceuticals across European countries, focusing on anti-TNF drugs, which are used to treat autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatism, psoriasis). We use detailed sales information on ...
    • Horizontal mergers and product quality 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper;4/2014, Working paper, 2014-02)
      Using a spatial competition framework with three ex ante identical firms, we study the effects of a horizontal merger on quality, price and welfare. The merging firms always reduce quality. They also increase prices if ...
    • Hospital competition and quality with regulated prices 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Straume, Odd Rune; Siciliani, Luigi (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-02)
      We analyse the effect of competition on quality in hospital markets with regulated prices, considering both the effect of free patient choice (monopoly versus competition) and increased competition through lower transportation ...
    • Hospital competition with soft budgets 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper;6/2012, Working paper, 2012-03)
      We study the incentives for hospitals to provide quality and expend cost-reducing effort when their budgets are soft, i.e., the payer may cover deficits or confiscate surpluses. The basic set up is a Hotelling model with ...
    • Hospital mergers : a spatial competition approach 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper;8/2013, Working paper, 2013-04)
      Using a spatial competition framework with three ex ante identical hospitals, we study the effects of a hospital merger on quality, price and welfare. The merging hospitals always reduce quality, but the non-merging hospital ...
    • Hospital mergers with regulated prices 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper;21/2014, Working paper, 2014-05)
      We study the effects of a hospital merger using a spatial competition framework with semialtruistic hospitals that invest in quality and expend cost-containment effort facing regulated prices. We find that the merging ...
    • Margins and market shares : pharmacy incentives for generic substitution 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Straume, Odd Rune; Holmås, Tor Helge (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-07)
      We study the impact of product margins on pharmacies incentive to promote generics instead of brand-names. First, we construct a theoretical model where pharmacies can persuade patients with a brand-name prescription to ...
    • On the competitive effect of informative advertising 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Kuhn, Michael (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-10)
      This paper analyses the competitive effects of informative advertising. The seminal work by Grossman and Shapiro (1984) show that informative advertising results in lower prices and that firms may benefit from advertising ...
    • Patient Mobility, Health Care Quality and Welfare 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Levaggi, Rosella; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion Papers;13/2011, Working paper, 2011-08)
      Patient mobility is a key issue in the EU who recently passed a new law on patients right to EU-wide provider choice. In this paper we use a Hotelling model with two regions that differ in technology to study the impact ...
    • Pharmaceutical patents : incentives for R&D or marketing? 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-11)
      We analyse how a patent-holding pharmaceutical firm may strategically use advertising of existing drugs to affect R&D investments in new (differentiated) drugs, and thereby affect the probability distribution of future ...
    • Price and quality in spatial competition 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-07)
      We study the relationship between competition and quality within a spatial competition framework where firms compete in prices and quality. We generalise existing literature on spatial price-quality competition along ...
    • Public versus private health care in a national health service 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-08)
      This paper studies the interplay between public and private health care in a National Health Service. We consider a two-stage game, where at stage one a Health Authority sets the public sector wage and a subsidy to (or ...
    • Quality competition with profit constraints : do non-profit firms provide higher quality than for-profit firms? 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2011-02)
    • Reference pricing of pharmaceuticals 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Königbauer, Ingrid; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-11)
      We consider a therapeutic market with potentially three pharmaceutical firms. Two of the firms offer horizontally differentiated brand-name drugs. One of the brand-name drugs is a new treatment under patent protection ...
    • Regulation and pricing of pharmaceuticals : reference pricing or price cap regulation? 

      Grasdal, Astrid Louise; Brekke, Kurt Richard; Holmås, Tor Helge (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-09)
      We study the relationship between regulatory regimes and pharmaceutical firms’ pricing strategies using a unique policy experiment from Norway, which in 2003 introduced a reference price (RP) system called “index pricing” ...
    • Regulation, generic competition and pharmaceutical prices : theory and evidence from a natural experiment 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Holmås, Tor Helge; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-12)
      We study the impact of regulatory regimes on generic competition and pharmaceutical pricing using a unique policy experiment in Norway, where reference pricing (RP) replaced price cap regulation in 2003 for a sub-sample ...