• A Meritocratic Origin of Egalitarian Behavior 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Mollestrom, Johanna; Reme, Bjørn-Atle; Tungodden, Bertil (DP SAM;09/2019, Working paper, 2019-04-29)
      The meritocratic fairness ideal implies that inequalities in earnings are regarded as fair only when they reflect differences in performance. Consequently, implementation of the meritocratic fairness ideal requires complete ...
    • Acceptance of inequality between children: Large-Scale Experimental Evidence from China and Norway 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Falch, Ranveig; Huang, Zhongjing; Tungodden, Bertil (SAM DP;10/2022, Working paper, 2022-07)
      In a novel experimental design with nearly 10,000 adults and children, we study how adults in two societies characterized by very different levels of income inequality, Shanghai (China) and Norway, make real distributive ...
    • Adverse selection into competition: Evidence from a large-scale field experiment in Tanzania 

      Almås, Ingvild; Berge, Lars Ivar; Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Somville, Vincent; Tungodden, Bertil (DP SAM;19/2020, Working paper, 2020-09)
      An influential literature has shown that women are less willing to compete than men, and the gender gap in competition may contribute to explaining gender differences in educational choices and labor market outcomes. This ...
    • Any non-welfarist method of policy assessment violates the Pareto principle : a comment 

      Fleurbaey, Marc; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-09)
    • A balanced view of development as freedom 

      Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      Amartya Sen, in his most recent book Development as Freedom, argues that expansion of human freedom should both be viewed as the primary end and the principle means of development. This paper provides an overview and a ...
    • Cancel the deal? An experimental study on the exploitation of irrational consumers 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Meissner, Stefan; Tungodden, Bertil (SAM DP;06/2023, Working paper, 2023-04-06)
      Consumers can sometimes be exploited because they make mistakes in their valuation of products. We present the results from a large-scale experimental study that examines whether third-party spectators from the general ...
    • Competitiveness, gender and handedness: a large-sample intercultural study 

      Buser, Thomas; Cappelen, Alexander; Gneezy, Uri; Hoffman, Moshe; Tungodden, Bertil (DP SAM;02/2020, Working paper, 2020-01)
      We conduct a large-scale intercultural experiment to elicit competitiveness and ask whether individual and gender differences in competitiveness are partially determined by nature. We use being a “lefty” (i.e., having ...
    • Cutthroat capitalism versus cuddly socialism: Are Americans more meritocratic and efficiency-seeking than Scandinavians? 

      Almas, Ingvild; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil (DP SAM;04/2019, Working paper, 2019-02)
      There are striking differences in inequality and redistribution between the United States and Scandinavia. To study whether there are corresponding differences in social preferences, we conducted a large-scale international ...
    • Cutthroat capitalism versus cuddly socialism: Are Americans more meritocratic and efficiency-seeking than Scandinavians? 

      Almås, Ingvild; Cappelen, Alexander; Tungodden, Bertil (DP SAM;18/2016, Working paper, 2016-11-29)
      There is a striking difference in income inequality and redistributive policies between the United States and Scandinavia. To study whether there is a corresponding cross-country difference in social preferences, we ...
    • Disability compensation and responsibility 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Norheim, Ole Frithjof; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-12)
      It is a central political goal to secure disabled individuals the same opportunities as others to pursue their conception of a good life. This goal reflects an ambition to combine an egalitarian and a liberal moral intuition. ...
    • Do Koopmans’ postulates lead to discounted utilitarianism? 

      Tungodden, Bertil; Asheim, Geir B. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-12)
      In this paper we consider variations of Koopmans’ (1960) postulates and demonstrate that these lead to a class of social preferences that is wider than discounted utilitarianism. We formulate a utilitiarian condition ...
    • Do non-enforceable contracts matter? Evidence from an international lab experiment 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Hagen, Rune Jansen; Sørensen, Erik Ø.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper;2/2012, Working paper, 2012-02)
      Many verifiable contracts are impossible or difficult to enforce. This applies to contracts among family and friends, contracts regulating market transactions, and sovereign debt contracts. Do such non-enforceable contracts ...
    • Efficiency, equality and reciprocity in social preferences : a comparison of students and representative population 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Tungodden, Bertil; Sørensen, Erik Ø.; Nygaard, Knut (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-11)
      The debate between Engelmann and Strobel (2004, 2006) and Fehr, Naef, and Schmidt (2006) highlights the important question of the extent to which lab experiments on student populations can serve to identify the motivational ...
    • Empowering the disabled through savings groups: Experimental evidence from Uganda. 

      Bjorvatn, Kjetil; Tungodden, Bertil (DP SAM;5/2018, Working paper, 2018-03)
      We report from the first randomized controlled trial of a development program targeting people with disabilities: a village savings‐ and loans program in rural Uganda. We find that it has had a strong, positive impact ...
    • Equity theory and fair inequality: a neuroconomic study 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Eichele, Tom; Hugdahl, Kenneth; Specht, Karsten; Sørensen, Erik Ø.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper;19/15, Working paper, 2015-08)
      The present paper reports results from the first study designed to examine the neuronal responses to income inequality in situations in which individuals have made different contributions in terms of work effort. ...
    • Exercise Improves Academic Performance. 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Charness, Gary; Ekström, Mathias; Gneezy, Uri; Tungodden, Bertil (DP SAM;8/2017, Working paper, 2017-08)
      We report the results of a randomized controlled trial testing whether incentivizing physical exercise improves the academic performance of college students. As expected, the intervention increases physical activity. The ...
    • Experimental Evidence on the Acceptance of Males Falling Behind 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Falch, Ranveig; Tungodden, Bertil (SAM DP;13/2023, Working paper, 2023)
      In recent decades, an increasing share of males struggle in the labor market and education. We show in a set of large-scale experimental studies involving more than 30,000 Americans that people are more accepting of males ...
    • Face-saving or fair-minded : what motivates moral behavior? 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Halvorsen, Trond; Sørensen, Erik Ø.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper;5/2013, Working paper, 2013-02)
      We study the relative importance of intrinsic moral motivation and extrinsic social motivation in explaining behavior in the dictator game. We introduce a novel design that manipulates these two dimensions. The paper ...
    • Fairness Across the World 

      Almås, Ingvild; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Sørensen, Erik Ø.; Tungodden, Bertil (SAM DP;03/2023, Working paper, 2023-03)
    • Fairness and family background 

      Almås, Ingvild; Cappelen, Alexander W.; Salvanes, Kjell G.; Sørensen, Erik Ø.; Tungodden, Bertil (Discussion paper;25/15, Working paper, 2015-10)
      Fairness preferences fundamentally affect individual behavior and play an important role in shaping social and political institutions. However, people differ both with respect to what they view as fair and with respect ...