Discussion papers (SAM): Recent submissions
Now showing items 461-480 of 658
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Poverty measurement : the critical comparison value
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998-11)The basic problem in poverty measurement is how to weigh the income of different groups. This is a normative problem on which people differ in opinion, and hence we should seek a way of dealing with the issue that takes ... -
The indexing impasse : is "the intersection approach" a solution?
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998-11)Rawls (1971,1993) suggests that interpersonal comparisons of well-being should be based on a primary goods index, but it is well-known that in general this approach is not compatible with the Pareto principle. This is ... -
Trade and development : is south-south co-operation a feasible strategy?
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998-10)The first part of this article gives a brief overview of the main problems facing the developing countries in the present international trading system, and reviews the debate on import substitution vs. export promotion. ... -
What determines the economic geography of Europe?
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998-10)This paper focuses on what the driving forces behind industry localisation in Europe are. Based on traditional as well as new trade theory and new economic geography our cross-sectoral empirical analysis seeks to explain ... -
Sources of earnings dispersion in a linked employer-employee dataset : evidence from Norway
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998-09)We estimate a standard human capital earnings model, augmented to allow for different firmspecific wage premia. The earnings of an individual depend on her human capital bundle and the earnings mark-up of the firm she ... -
Industrial agglomeration and capital taxation
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998-07)Models with imperfect competition and intra-industry trade have become widely accepted as appropriate frameworks within which to analyze the impact of trade liberalization on industrial agglomeration. This paper makes ... -
TV advertising, programming investments, and product-market oligopoly
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-06)We present a model of the TV-advertising market that encompasses both the product markets and the market for TV programs. We argue that the TV industry has several idiosyncratic characteristics that need to be modeled, ... -
EU integration and outsiders : a simulation study of industrial location
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-02)This paper focuses on the location effects of preferential trade areas (PTA) on non-members. More specifically, using a CGE model calibrated to real data, it focuses on the impact of tighter European integration on ... -
Bridging the tax-expenditure gap : green taxes and the marginal cost of funds
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-02)The marginal cost of public funds is usually seen as a number greater than one, reflecting the efficiency cost of distortionary taxes. But economic intuition suggests that since green taxes are efficiency-enhancing the ... -
Firm exit, vintage effect and the business cycle in Norway
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998-12)In spite of the large and growing literature on producer heterogeneity and firm exit behavior, little attention has been paid to the vintage capital theory of firm exits as an alternative hypothesis to learning/selection. ... -
Is mobility of technical personnel a source of R&D spillovers?
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-03)Labor mobility is often considered to be an important source of knowledge externalities, making it difficult for firms to appropriate returns to R&D investments. In this paper, I argue that inter-firm transfers of knowledge ... -
Formula apportionment and transfer pricing under oligopolistic competition
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-05)This paper demonstrates that under conditions of imperfect (oligopolistic) competition, a transition from separate accounting (SA) to formula apportionment (FA) does not eliminate the problem of profit shifting via ... -
Assessing the effects of early retirement programs
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-04)We investigate induced retirement effects of the Norwegian early retirement program ”AFP” and emphasize effects caused by relocations of some individuals from disability pension to AFP. Our theoretical model predicts ... -
Merger profitability in unionized oligopoly
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-05)We examine how a merger affects wages of unionized labour and, in turn, the profitability of a merger under both Cournot and Bertrand competition. If unions are plant-specific, we find that a merger is more profitable ... -
Does the tax system encourage too much education?
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-07)The Nordic countries have dual income taxation, with a proportional tax on capital income and a progressive tax on labour income. Nielsen and Sørensen (1997) argue that this asymmetric treatment of the two types of income ... -
Access pricing, quality degradation, and foreclosure in the Internet
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-03)Access to both a local and a global network is needed in order to get complete connection to the Internet. The purpose of this article is to examine the interplay between those two networks and how it affects the domestic ... -
Competition and compatibility among Internet service providers
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2001-03)We consider a two-stage game between two competing Internet service providers(ISPs). The firms offer access to the Internet. Access is assumed to be vertically and horizontally differentiated. Our model exhibits network ... -
Multinational firms : easy come, easy go?
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-10)Although many countries welcome inward investments by multinational firms (MNEs), it is often perceived that MNEs readily close down production in bad times. We study the choice of an MNE in deciding whether to establish ... -
Social security reforms and early retirement
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-09)In order to stimulate labor market participation and improve the financial viability of the social security systems, many recent reform proposals in various OECD economies suggest to scale down the non-actuarial parts ... -
A U-shaped Europe? : a simulation study of industrial location
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1999-09)This paper uses a full-scale CGE-model - calibrated on 1992 data - to investigate the effects of European integration on the location of industrial production. Our results reveal large differences among individual ...