Discussion papers (SAM): Recent submissions

Now showing items 541-560 of 658

    • Public provision and private incentives 

      Sandmo, Agnar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002-09)
      This paper surveys classical and modern arguments for public production and provision of goods. It reviews the conventional case for public production under conditions of increasing returns and discusses the modifications ...

    • Why corporate taxes may rise : the case of economic integration 

      Kind, Hans Jarle; Midelfart, Karen Helene; Schjelderup, Guttorm (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-05)
      Almost all the literature on tax competition in the presence of multinationals (MNCs) ignores the combined effect of profit shifting and economic integration (i.e., a reduction in trade costs) on equilibrium capital ...

    • Employment changes, the structure of adjustment costs, and plant size 

      Nilsen, Øivind Anti; Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar; Schiantarelli, Fabio (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-11)
      In this paper we analyze the pattern of employment adjustment using a rich panel of Norwegian plants. The data suggest that the frequency of episodes of zero net employment changes is inversely related to plant size. We ...

    • Domestic labour markets and foreign direct investment 

      Haaland, Jan Ingvald Meidell; Wooton, Ian (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-06)
      We study how the labour market and industry uncertainty affect the investment decisions of multinational enterprises (MNEs). In an uncertain business climate, MNEs must take account of the future in deciding where to ...

    • Tacit collusion and international commodity taxation 

      Haufler, Andreas; Schjelderup, Guttorm (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-01)
      The paper employs a model of dynamic price competition to study how international commodity taxation affects the stability of collusive agreements when producers in an international duopoly agree not to export into ...

    • The Impact of a primary school reform on social stratification : a Norwegian study of neighbour and school mate correlations 

      Raaum, Oddbjørn; Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar; Sørensen, Erik Ø. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-09)

    • An alternative way to model merit good arguments 

      Schroyen, Fred (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002)
      Besley (1988) uses a scaling approach to model merit good arguments in commodity tax policy. In this paper, I question this approach on the grounds that it produces ’wrong’ recommendations—taxation (subsidisation) of ...

    • Can a mixed health care system be desirable on equity grounds ? 

      Marchand, Maurice; Schroyen, Fred (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-02)
      Should health care provision be public, private, or both? We look at this question in a setting where people differ in their earnings capacity and face some illness risk. We assume that illness reduces a person's time ...

    • Gender differences in entry wages and early career wages 

      Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-05)
      This paper investigates the gender wage gap in entry wages and in the early career for German skilled workers in the period 1975-1990. We use a new administrative longitudinal data source that allows to observe complete work ...

    • Symmetric tax competition under formula apportionment 

      Eggert, Wolfgang; Schjelderup, Guttorm (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-01)
      This paper compares property taxation to a corporate income tax based on formula apportionment in a model where identical countries compete to attract capital. We find that if countries can pair a residence-based capital ...

    • Network ownership and optimal tariffs for natural gas transport 

      Hagen, Kåre Petter; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sannarnes, Jan Gaute (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-10)
      This paper addresses the issue of national optimal tariffs for transportation of natural gas in a setting where national gas production in its entirety is exported to end-user markets abroad. In a situation where the ...

    • The risk sharing effects of social security and the stochastic properties of income growth 

      Thøgersen, Øystein (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-05)
      Time-series analyses suggest that income shocks are fairly persistent. This has implications for the intergenerational risk-sharing effects of pay-as-you- go (paygo) social security programs. By means of a simple stochastic ...

    • Why the apple doesn’t fall far : understanding intergenerational transmission of human capital 

      Black, Sandra E.; Devereux, Paul J.; Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-10)
      Parents with higher education levels have children with higher education levels. However, is this because parental education actually changes the outcomes of children, suggesting an important spillover of education ...

    • Water with power : market power and supply shortage in dry years 

      Mathiesen, Lars; Skaar, Jostein; Sørgard, Lars (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-12)
      The purpose of this paper is to analyse how market power may affect the allocation of production between seasons (summer and winter) in a hydro power system with reservoirs and where inflow in winter is uncertain. We find ...

    • Fast times at Ridgemont High? : the effect of compulsory schooling laws on teenage births 

      Black, Sandra E.; Devereux, Paul J.; Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-09)
      Research suggests that teenage childbearing adversely affects both the outcomes of the mothers as well as those of their children. We know that low-educated women are more likely to have a teenage birth, but does this ...

    • Do bottlenecks generate market power? : an empirical study of the Norwegian electricity market 

      Steen, Frode (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-12)
      The present study analyses the potential non-competitive effects of capacity restrictions – socalled bottlenecks - in the Norwegian electricity market. We specify a structural model, and econometrically identifies market ...

    • Work requirements and long term poverty 

      Schroyen, Fred; Torsvik, Gaute (Discussion paper, Working paper, 1999)
      We study how work requirements can be used to target transfers to the long term poor. Without commitment, time consistency requires all screening measures to be concentrated in the first phase of the program. We show ...

    • On the workings of a cartel : evidence from the Norwegian cement industry 

      Steen, Frode; Röller, Lars-Hendrik (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-06)
      Using the institutional set-up of the Norwegian cement industry, in particular its sharing rule, we are able to identify the workings of a cartel in some detail. We focus on the two problems that any cartel faces: deciding ...

    • The evolution of the gender wage gap 

      Kunze, Astrid (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-01)
      In this paper we investigate when the male-female wage differential arises: Does it evolve over the early career or does it exist right from entry into first employment? For the analysis we use new administrative ...

    • The dual income tax and firms’ income shifting through the choice of organizational form and real capital investments 

      Alstadsæter, Annette (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-07)
      The dual income tax provides the self-employed entrepreneur with huge incentives to participate in tax minimizing income shifting to have more of his income taxed as capital income. The Norwegian split model is designed ...