Blar i Working papers (SNF) på forfatter "Toivanen, Otto"
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Anatomy of cartel contracts
Hyytinen, Ari; Steen, Frode; Toivanen, Otto (Working paper;49/13, Working paper, 2013-12)We study cartel contracts using data on 18 contract clauses of 109 legal Finnish manufacturing cartels whose legal status is reminiscent of e.g. the U.S Sugar Institute. One third of the clauses relate to raising profits; ... -
Cartels uncovered
Hyytinen, Ari; Steen, Frode; Toivanen, Otto (Working paper, Working paper, 2011-03)How many cartels are there? The answer is important in assessing the need for competition policy. We present a Hidden Markov Model that answers the question, taking into account that often we do not know whether a cartel ...