• Optimal redistributive taxation with both extensive and intensive responses 

      Jacquet, Laurence; Lehmann, Etienne; Van der Linden, Bruno (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-02)
      This paper characterizes the optimal income taxation when individuals respond along both the intensive and extensive margins. Individuals are heterogeneous in two dimensions: their skills and their disutility of ...
    • Optimal trade policy with monopolistic competition and heterogeneous firms 

      Haaland, Jan I.; Venables, Anthony J. (Discussion paper;33/14, Working paper, 2014-11)
      This paper derives optimal trade and domestic taxes for a small open economy containing a monopolistically competitive (MC) sector in which firms may have heterogeneous productivity levels. Analysis encompasses cases in ...
    • Organizational Design with Portable Skills 

      Picariello, Luca (DP SAM;02, Working paper, 2017-02)
      Workers can move across firms and take with them portable skills. This has an impact on how firms are organized and allocate tasks across workers. To reduce mobility, a profit maximizing firm may inefficiently allocate ...
    • An overview of empirical analysis of behavior of fishermen facing new regulation 

      Kvamsdal, Sturla Furunes (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-08)
    • Ownership change and its implications for the match between the plant and its workers 

      Balsvik, Ragnhild; Haller, Stefanie A. (Discussion paper;10/15, Working paper, 2015-05)
      Is ownership change an opportunity for new owners to make systematic changes in the workforce of the acquired plant? This paper explores the adjustments to plant size and the composition of the workforce that occur around ...
    • Parental leave and maternal employment 

      Kunze, Astrid (SAM DP;01/2022, Working paper, 2022-01-19)
      Numerous studies have investigated whether the provision and generosity of parental leave affects the employment and career prospects of women. Parental leave systems typically provide either short unpaid leave mandated ...
    • Parenthood and the Gender Gap in Commuting 

      Bütikofer, Aline; Karadakic, René; Willén, Alexander (SAM DP;11/2023, Working paper, 2023-05)
      Childbirth increases the opportunity cost of commuting and makes it difficult for both parents to work far away from home. Using detailed Norwegian register data, we show that the commuting patterns of men and women diverge ...
    • Patenting and early industrialization in Norway, 1860-1914 : was there a linkage? 

      Basberg, Bjørn L. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002-09)
    • Patient Mobility, Health Care Quality and Welfare 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Levaggi, Rosella; Siciliani, Luigi; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion Papers;13/2011, Working paper, 2011-08)
      Patient mobility is a key issue in the EU who recently passed a new law on patients right to EU-wide provider choice. In this paper we use a Hotelling model with two regions that differ in technology to study the impact ...
    • Pay and performance in a call centre : principals and agents or principally angels? 

      Aarbu, Karl Ove; Torsvik, Gaute (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-11)
      We use data from a pay reform in an insurance company to contrast different theories of work motivations. The management installed performance pay to boost sales in the customer service centre of the company. The reform ...
    • Pay-for-performance reduces bypassing of health facilities: evidence from Tanzania 

      Chiksa, Sosina Bezu; Binyaruka, Peter John; Mæstad, Ottar; Somville, Vincent (Peer reviewed; Journal article, 2020)
      Many patients and expectant mothers in low-income countries bypass local health facilities in search of betterquality services. This study examines the impact of a payment-for-performance (P4P) scheme on bypassing practices ...
    • Paying for staying : managerial contracts and the retention motive 

      Ellingsen, Tore; Kristiansen, Eirik Gaard (Discussion paper;8/2012, Working paper, 2012-03)
      Talented managers may leave the firm in order to work elsewhere. Focusing on the portability of managers' resources, we develop a model in which managerial compensation is designed to prevent inefficient departure. The ...
    • Paying Respect 

      Ellingsen, Tore; Johannesson, Magnus (Journal article, 2007)
    • Paywalls and the demand for online news 

      Skjeret, Frode; Steen, Frode; Wyndham, Timothy G.A (DP SAM;07/2019, Working paper, 2019-03)
      The digitisation of society has posed a challenge to news outlets. Seeking advertising revenues and facing competition for the attention of their readers, many news outlets entered the digital era with unrestricted access ...
    • Pennies from heaven : using exogenous tax variation to identify effects of school resources on pupil achievement 

      Hægeland, Torbjørn; Raaum, Oddbjørn; Salvanes, Kjell Gunnar (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2007-07)
      Despite important policy implications associated with the allocation of education resources, evidence on the effectiveness of school inputs remains inconclusive. In part, this is due to endogenous allocation; families ...
    • Pension funds, sovereign-wealth funds and intergenerational justice 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Urheim, Runa (Discussion paper;19/2012, Working paper, 2012-09)
      Pension funds and sovereign-wealth funds own a large and increasing fraction of the shares in publicly traded companies in the OECD area. These funds typically have a very long time horizon on their investments, as well ...
    • Performance Measurement in Agency Models 

      Chang Koo, Chi; Kyoung Jin, Choi (DP SAM;05/2019, Working paper, 2019-02-25)
      This note explores how to evaluate an agent’s performance in standard incentive contracts. We show that the MPS criterion proposed by Kim (1995) becomes a tight condition for one performance measurement system to be more ...
    • Person-affecting paretian egalitarianism with variable population size 

      Tungodden, Bertil; Vallentyne, Peter (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-08)
      Where there is a fixed population (i.e., who exists does not depend on what choice an agent makes), the deontic version of anonymous Paretian egalitarianism holds that an option is just if and only if (1) it is anonymously ...
    • Perspectives on the economic history of the Antarctic region 

      Basberg, Bjørn L. (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-09)
      This paper starts out by indicating how the economic history of the Antarctic could be conceptualized, given the peculiarities of the continent and the region (no permanent population, no sovereignty in a traditional ...
    • Pharmaceutical patents : incentives for R&D or marketing? 

      Brekke, Kurt Richard; Straume, Odd Rune (Discussion paper, Working paper, 2005-11)
      We analyse how a patent-holding pharmaceutical firm may strategically use advertising of existing drugs to affect R&D investments in new (differentiated) drugs, and thereby affect the probability distribution of future ...