Blar i Discussion papers (FOR) på tittel
Viser treff 146-165 av 564
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Employment, transport infrastructure and rural depopulation: a new spatial equilibrium model
(Discussion paper;09/2013, Working paper, 2013-09)In this paper we propose a new spatial equilibrium model, and use it to discuss issues related to rural depopulation. The discussion focuses on how investments in transport infras- tructure and the spatial distribution ... -
Endogenous verifiability in relational contracting
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-11)We analyze a repeated principal-agent trust game where the principal makes a specific investment by paying the agent up-front, expecting an agreed upon quality level in return. The verifiability of the agent’s action is ... -
Energy and Mineral Security in the European Union: Metal Requirements for Renewable and Nuclear Intensive Electricity Mixes
(Discussion paper;14/22, Working paper, 2022-12-28)In 2022, the EU finds itself in the midst of an energy crisis due to the outbreak of the war between Russia and Ukraine and has to accelerate its path to energy independence. Part of the EU’s strategy is to double down on ... -
Enforcement der Wirtschaftsprüfer : Vergleichende Analyse der Disziplinaraufsicht und der Qualitätskontrolle im deutschen und norwegischen Wirtschaftsprüfungswesen
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004) -
Equilibrium in marine mutual insurance markets with convex operating costs
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-02)The paper analyzes the possibility of reaching an equilibrium in a market of marine mutual insurance syndicates, called Protection and Indemnity Clubs, or P&I Clubs for short, displaying economies of scale. Our analysis ... -
Equilibrium Selection in Hawk-Dove Games
(Discussion paper;12/22, Working paper, 2022-06-29)In Hawk-Dove games with mulitiplicity of equilibria, we study which equilibria are selected using various equilibrium selection methods. Using a uniform price auction as an illustrative example, we apply the tracing procedure ... -
Equilibrium, evolutionary stability and gradient dynamics
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002)Considered here are equilibria, notably those that solve noncooperative games. Focus is on connections between evolutionary stability, concavity and monotonicity. It is shown that evolutionary stable points are local ... -
The equity premium and the risk free rate in a production economy : a new perspective
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2011-02) -
Estimating the additionality of R&D subsidies using proposal evaluation data to control for research intentions
(Discussion paper;18/14, Working paper, 2014-04)Empirical examination of whether R&D subsidies crowd out private investments has been hampered by selection problems. A particular worry is that project quality and research intentions may be correlated with the likelihood ... -
Estimating the cost of future global energy supply
(Discussion paper;14/14, Working paper, 2014-03)This study produces an attempt to estimate the cost of future global energy supplies. The approach chosen to address this concern relies on a comparative static exercise of estimating the cost of three energy scenarios ... -
Estimating the parameters of stochastic differential equations using a criterion function based on the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistic
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 1998)Estimation of parameters in the drift and diffusion terms of stochastic differential equations involves simulation and generally requires substantial data sets. We examine a method that can be applied when available time ... -
Estimation of biological and economic parameters of a bioeconomic fisheries model using dynamical data assimilation
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-05)A new approach of model parameter estimation is used with simulated measurements to recover both biological and economic input parameters of a natural resource model. The procedure efficiently combines time series of ... -
European market integration for gas? : volume flexibility and political risk
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-05)Is the European gas market integrated? Are there substantial price differences between gas from different export countries? Time series of Norwegian, Dutch and Russian gas export prices to Germany in 1990-1998 are examined. ... -
European option pricing and hedging with both fixed and proportional transaction costs
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2002-12)In this paper we extend the utility based option pricing and hedging approach, pioneered by Hodges and Neuberger (1989) and further developed by Davis, Panas, and Zariphopoulou (1993), for the market where each transaction ... -
Evaluating Norway’s electric vehicle incentives
(Discussion paper;19/23, Working paper, 2023-11-08)We use product-level data from 2000 to 2021 to evaluate Norway’s incentives for consumers to choose electric vehicles. These include taxes on fossil fuels, EV exemption from car purchase taxes, and other incentives, like ... -
Evidence on competitive advantage and superior stock market performance
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2009-10)This article analyzes the value-relevance of industry-based and resource-based competitive advantage in a large sample of firms listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. We measure competitive advantage by a single variable and ... -
Evolution of Decision and Control Rights in Venture Capital Contracts: An Empirical Analysis
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-12)We analyze the structure and evolution of the allocation of decision and control rights in venture capital contracts by using a sample of 464 contracts between venture capitalists (VC) and portfolio firms from Germany. We ... -
Evolutionary stable investment in stock markets
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2003-10)This paper studies the performance of portfolio rules in incomplete markets for long-lived assets with endogenous prices. The dynamics of wealth shares in the process of repeated reinvestment of wealth is modelled as a ... -
Existence and uniqueness of equilibrium in a reinsurance syndicate
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-07)In this paper we consider a reinsurance syndicate, assuming that Pareto optimal allocations exist. Under a continuity assumption on preferences, we show that a competitive equilibrium exists and is unique. Our conditions ... -
Existence of sunspot equilibria and uniqueness of spot market equilibria : the case of intrinsically complete markets
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004)We consider economies with additively separable utility functions and give conditions for the two-agents case under which the existence of sunspot equilibria is equivalent to the occurrence of the transfer paradox. This ...