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The Multifactor Model of the Agent’s Power in Social Networks
(Discussion paper;11/2013, Working paper, 2013-10)The analysis of social reasoning is at the core of understanding how to manage social networks. Since interpersonal relations are composed of multiple factors with different nature (i.e., structural and social factors), ... -
The optimal extraction rate versus the expected real return of a sovereign wealth fund: Some simulations
(Discussion paper;7/19, Working paper, 2019-09-06)With reference to funds established for the benefits of the public at large, a university endowment, or other similar sovereign wealth fund, we demonstrate that the optimal extraction rate from the fund is significantly ... -
The Silver Lining of Price Spikes: How electricity price spikes can help overcome the energy efficiency gap
(Discussion paper;07/13, Working paper, 2013-08)Studies have shown that many consumers and businesses fail to invest in energy efficiency improvements despite seemingly ample financial incentives to do so – the so-‐called energy efficiency ... -
The Tax Sensitivity of Debt in Multinationals: A Review
(Discussion paper;29/15, Working paper, 2015-10-30)The OECD in its BEPS action plan 4 addresses tax base erosion by profit shifting through the use of tax deductible interest payments. Their main concern is interest deductions between outbound and inbound investment by ... -
The tenuous relationship between effort and performance pay
(Discussion paper;2012:8, Working paper, 2012-06)When a worker is offered performance related pay, the incentive effect is not only determined by the shape of the incentive contract, but also by the probability of contract enforcement. We show that weaker enforcement ... -
The value of foresight in the drybulk freight market
(Discussion paper;1/18, Working paper, 2018-01-31)We analyze the value of foresight in the drybulk freight market when repositioning a vessel through space and time. In order to do that, we apply an optimization model on a network with dynamic regional freight rate ... -
The Zero Lower Bound and Market Spillovers: Evidence from the G7 and Norway
(Discussion paper;7/17, Working paper, 2017-05-31)This paper investigates mean and volatility spillovers between the crude oil market and three financial markets, namely the debt, stock, and foreign exchange markets, while providing international evidence from each of the ... -
A theory of certification with an application to the market for auditing services
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2004-08)The paper develops a theory which attempts to understand segmentation and fee-setting in certification markets. The basis for the theory is that certifiers offer differentiated tests; for a given object it may be more ... -
Time and frequency dynamics of connectedness between green bonds, clean energy markets and carbon prices
(Discussion paper;18/23, Working paper, 2023-11-07)In this paper, we investigate the time and frequency dynamics of connectedness among green assets such as green bonds, clean energy markets, and carbon prices. Using daily price data, we explore return spillovers across ... -
Time Horizons and Emissions Trading
(Discussion paper;2/24, Working paper, 2024-01-23)We study dynamic cap-and-trade schemes in which a policy of adjustable allowance supply determines the cap on emissions. Focusing on two common supply policies, price and quantity mechanisms, we investigate how the duration ... -
Toeholds and fire-sales in bankruptcy auctions
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-11)We study the role of distressed bank debt in affecting the outcome of Swedish bankruptcy auctions. The auction determines the going-concern premium, i.e., the premium over the piecemeal liquidation value to be paid for the ... -
Tournament rewards and risk taking
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2000-06)In a tournament, a principal sets a prize, and several agents then compete to attain the highest observed output, and win the prize. This paper departs from the existing literature on tournaments by assuming that agents ... -
Tournaments with prize-setting agents
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-10)In many tournaments it is the contestants themselves who determine reward allocation. Labor-union members bargain over wage distribution, and many firms allow self-managed teams to freely determine internal resource ... -
Trade and communication under subjective information
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2006-01)This paper models an economy where agents perceive the choices they face subjectively, and have subjective interpretations of the terminology they use in a shared business language. Preferences are defined on what an agent ... -
Trading for the future : signaling in permit markets
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2010-03) -
Transfer pricing and debt shifting in multinationals
(Discussion papers;22/14, Working paper, 2014-05)There is a growing concern that governments lose substantial corporate tax revenue due to transfer pricing and debt shifting strategies. Existing literature studies debt shifting and transfer pricing separately. In ... -
Transition to Marine Mining?
(Discussion paper;9/22, Working paper, 2022-03-04)This study explores possible futures of the mining industry through numerical analysis of a conceptual mineral extraction problem with two resource stocks - terrestrial and marine. The model is inspired by the manganese ... -
Tre grupper skatteytere i søkelyset: Har de ulike kjennetegn?
(Discussion paper;5/17, Working paper, 2017-03-31)Denne rapporten analyserer data for tre grupper av skatteytere som har vært i skatteetatens søkelys: Skatteytere som etter skatteamnesti har meldt seg frivillig med opplysninger om tidligere uoppgitt skattbar inntekt eller ... -
Treating missing values in INAR(1) models
(Discussion paper, Working paper, 2008-07)Time series models for count data have found increased interest in recent days. The existing literature refers to the case of data that have been fully observed. In the present paper, methods for estimating the parameters ... -
The Triple Difference Estimator
(Discussion paper;1/20, Working paper, 2020-04-22)Triple difference has become a widely used estimator in empirical work. A close reading of articles in top economics journals reveals that the use of the estimator to a large extent rests on intuition. The identifying ...