• Access price regulation facilitates strategic transfer pricing 

      Fjell, Kenneth; Foros, Øystein (Working Paper, Working paper, 2005-10)
      Access price regulation is used in telecommunications to prevent that a vertically integrated firm, that controls an essential input, raises the rivals` costs. When the authorities remove the access price as a strategic ...
    • Access pricing, quality degradation and foreclosure in the internet 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-03)
      Access to both a local and a global network is needed in order to get complete connection to the Internet. The purpose of this article is to examine the interplay between those two networks and how it affects the domestic ...
    • Are tv-viewers and surfers different breeds? : broadband demand and asymmetric cross-price effects 

      Andersson, Kjetil; Fjell, Kenneth; Foros, Øystein (Working paper, Working paper, 2003-04)
      We consider two different qualities of broadband access, one that simply means greater access speed to Internet applications and content and a premium version that also gives access to interactive TV-centric applications. ...
    • The broadband access market : competition, uniform pricing and geographical coverage 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-12)
      This paper analyzes some technological and political aspects of the market for broadband access. Broadband access is the last mile of the telecommunication network, and it is an essential component in order to offer broadband ...
    • Competition and regulation strategies in the internet 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Working Paper, Working paper, 2002-09)
      The purpose of this article is to provide a simple introduction to the Internet’s value system and historical development from an economic point of view. One of the central themes that we discuss is whether increased user ...
    • Competition with personalized pricing and strategic product differentiation 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Nguyen-Ones, Mai (Arbeidsnotat;2018/7, Working paper, 2018-12)
      Consumers leave increasingly more digital footprints which improve Örmsíability to practice personalized pricing (Örst-degree price discrimination). We ask whether there exist strategic e§ects that reduce Örmsíincentives ...
    • Customer ignorance, price cap regulation and rent-seeking in mobile roaming 

      Ambjørnsen, Terje; Foros, Øystein; Wasenden, Ole-Christian B. (Working paper, Working paper, 2009-03)
      Mobile phone usage when travelling abroad is expensive. In contrast to domestic voice call prices, entry of new firms does not put a downward wholesale and retail price pressure on mobile usage abroad. The network connection ...
    • Do advertisers or viewers decide TV channels’ programming choice? 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Schjelderup, Guttorm (2010:43, Working paper, 2010-11)
      Ad-financed TV channels are two-sided platforms where media houses provide communication from advertisers to viewers. Most media houses air several channels, some of which are particularly valuable to advertisers. At first ...
    • Do incumbents have incentives to degrade interconnection quality in the internet? 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sand, Jan Yngve (Working Paper, Working paper, 2002-04)
    • Do internet incumbents choose low interconnection quality? 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sand, Jan Yngve (Working Paper, Working paper, 2004-06)
      In this paper we analyze the interconnection incentives for two networks that differ with respect to size of their installed based. In the first part we prove that the smaller firm may be harmed in competition for new ...
    • The economics of social networks : the winner takes it all? 

      Fjell, Kenneth; Foros, Øystein; Steen, Frode (2010:42, Working paper, 2010-09)
      We look at the economics of social networks. Key economic features of these are positive network effects, giving rise to positive feedback effects that may lead to a winner-takes-it-all market. Social networks’ revenues ...
    • Empirical evidence on the relationship between mobile termination rates and firms’ profit 

      Andersson, Kjetil; Foros, Øystein; Hansen, Bjørn (Working paper;27/12, Working paper, 2012-08)
      The comprehensive theoretical literature on mobile termination rates (MTRs) is inconclusive on how the level of MTRs affects overall consumer charges and firms’ profit. In a theoretical model, well suited for econometric ...
    • Fastpris på bøker 

      Foros, Øystein; Hjelmeng, Erling; Kind, Hans Jarle (Arbeidsnotat;47/13, Working paper, 2013-12)
      Det er omstridt hvorvidt bokbransjen skal tillates å benytte fastpriser (bindende videresalgspriser). Et premiss hos mange som er skeptisk til faste bokpriser er at det fjerner konkurranse og leder til høyere sluttbrukerpriser. ...
    • Hotelling competition with multi-purchasing : time magazine, newsweek, or both? 

      Anderson, Simon P.; Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Working paper, Working paper, 2010-06)
      Equilibrium prices behave quite differently if consumers single-purchase (buy either Time Magazine or Newsweek) or if some consumers multi-purchase (buy both). Prices are strategic complements under single-purchase, and ...
    • IKT-næringen : integrasjon, konkurranse eller vennskap? 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sørgard, Lars (Arbeidsnotat, Working paper, 2000-09)
      Et av de mest slående trekk innenfor det vi kan karakterisere som IKT-industrien (informasjons- og kommunikasjonsteknologi), er de omfattende alliansedannelsene mellom bedrifter som har svært ulik kjernevirksomhet. Eksempelvis ...
    • Individuelle priser i dagligvaremarkedet : et fangens dilemma for kjedene? 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Steen, Frode (Arbeidsnotat;2017:4, Working paper, 2017-06)
      Bedrifter har fått større mulighet til å samle informasjon om hver enkelt kunde. I dagligvaremarkedet samler kjedene informasjon om hvor og hva vi handler. NorgesGruppen og Coop har i mange år hatt rabattprogrammer hvor ...
    • International complementarities in the internet : should domestic local access prices be regulated? 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sørgard, Lars (Working Paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      The Internet can be seen as the convergence of different industries like telecommunication, software, and media into an international oligopoly, where the end-user is offered a bundle consisting of complementary products ...
    • The internet market structure : implications for national and international regulation 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-09)
      Internet connectivity may be seen as a composite good that is produced by the complementary inputs local and global access. In addition to the infrastructure components, software and content components affect the customers’ ...
    • Licensing technology and foreclosure 

      Clark, Derek J.; Foros, Øystein; Sand, Jan Yngve (Working paper, Working paper, 2007-12)
      We consider an industry where one firm with a superior technology competes for market shares with several rivals. The owner of the superior technology (the dominant firm) can license or transfer the source of its dominance ...
    • Managerial incentives and access price regulation 

      Foros, Øystein; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper, Working paper, 2004-10)
      Policy makers have identified the non-discrimination principle as a key instrument to regulate vertically integrated firms in control of upstream bottlenecks. Economists argue that the non-discrimination principle may ...