• Compliance program i forbindelse med kartellbekjempelse. Bedrifters behov for interne retningslinjer for å hindre ansatte i å drive ulovlig samarbeid med konkurrenter, og effektiv utforming av slike program 

      Boge, Astrid (Arbeidsnotat;38/12, Working paper, 2012-12)
      I senere tid har konkurransemyndigheter verden over økt fokus på kartellbekjempelse, men til tross for dette avsløres det fremdeles alvorlige karteller. Årsaken kan være mangel på sterke nok sanksjoner rettet mot skyldige ...
    • Concerns among local government facility managers 

      Hopland, Arnt Ove; Kvamsdal, Sturla F. (Working paper;2016:9, Working paper, 2016-12)
      Purpose: To investigate which concerns are most important for local government facility managers in Norway. Design: We analyze a survey dataset covering about 2/3 of all Norwegian local governments, using descriptive ...
    • Confidence intervals for the shrinkage estimator 

      Nilsen, Odd Bjarte; Asche, Frank; Tveterås, Ragnar (Working paper, Working paper, 2005-08)
      Shrinkage estimators have recently become popular in estimation of heterogeneous models on panel data. In this chapter we show that the estimated covariance matrix in the posterior distribution of the shrinkage estimator ...
    • Consequences of climate change for some segments of the Norwegian fishing fleet 

      Ekerhovd, Nils-Arne (Working paper, Working paper, 2008-12)
      This paper identifies the possible effects of climate change on fish stocks important for the Norwegian fishing fleet along with information on the Norwegian harvest pattern in the past can tell us something about the ...
    • Consequences of imitation by poor countries on international wage inequalities and global growth 

      Kind, Hans Jarle (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-12)
      This paper presents an endogenous growth model where the level of international transaction costs may be decisive for whether the poor East specializes in agriculture production, imitates goods from the rich West, or makes ...
    • Consumer ethnocentrism in evaluations of superior foreign brands and inferior domestic brands : a study of Polish consumers 

      Supphellen, Magne; Rittenburg, Terri L. (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-01)
      In recent years, there has been a great deal of research exploring the concept of consumer ethnocentrism, although little has been done in Eastern Bloc countries. In these countries, foreign brands are often clearly superior ...
    • Consumer heterogeneity and pricing in a duopoly with switching costs 

      Gabrielsen, Tommy Staahl; Vagstad, Steinar (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-05)
      It is well-known that switching costs may facilitate monopoly pricing in a market with price competition between two suppliers of a homogenous good, provided the switching costs is above some critical level. We show that ...
    • Consumer trends and prefences in the demand for food 

      Lappo, Alena; Bjørndal, Trond; Fernandez-Polanco, Jose; Lem, Audun (Working paper;51/13, Working paper, 2013-12)
    • Consumer trends and prefences in the demand for food 

      Bjørndal, Trond; Fernandez-Polanco, Jose; Lappo, Alena; Lem, Audun (Working paper;17/14, Working paper, 2014-10)
      The objective of this report is to analyse the major tastes and preferences of consumers in food consumption, as well as expected changes in these over time. We identify five important consumer trends and purchase drivers: ...
    • Content provision and multi-homing 

      Pires, Armando J. Garcia (Working paper;2015:8, Working paper, 2015-08)
      We analyze the effects of multi-homing consumers on content provision by media firms. We develop a model where media firms compete on content provision and advertising revenues, and consumers enjoy network effects from ...
    • Continuous harvesting costs in sole-owner fisheries with increasing marginal returns 

      Sandal, Leif Kristoffer; Steinshamn, Stein Ivar; Maroto, Jose M.; Moran, Manuel (Working paper, Working paper, 2009-06)
      We develop a bioeconomic model to analyze a sole-owner fishery with fixed costs as well as a continuous cost function for the generalized Cobb-Douglas production function with increasing marginal returns to effort level. ...
    • Contracting versus bypassing 

      Gabrielsen, Tommy Staahl; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper, Working paper, 2003-11)
      One existing distributor controls the existing access to end users. There are one incumbent producer and one potential entrant, both with a potential for bypassing the distributor. We find that the distributor always signs ...
    • Cooperation in knowledge-intensive firms 

      Kvaløy, Ola; Olsen, Trond E. (Working paper, Working paper, 2008-05)
      The extent to which a knowledge-intensive firm should induce cooperation between its employees is analyzed in a model of relational contracting between a firm (principal) and its employees (two agents). The agents can ...
    • Cooperative and non-cooperative management of the northeast atlantic cod fishery 

      Bjørndal, Trond; Lindroos, Marko (Working paper, Working paper, 2010-06)
      The fishery for Northeast Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) in the Barents Sea is one of the most valuable fisheries in the North Atlantic. After the introduction of Extended Fisheries Jurisdiction, cod is a shared stock between ...
    • Cooperative and non-cooperative R&D policy in an economic union 

      Haaland, Jan Ingvald Meidell; Kind, Hans Jarle (Working paper, Working paper, 2003-11)
      Should R&D policies within an economic union be centralized or decentralized to each individual country? Do non-cooperative policies - typically implying policy competition between countries - always give rise to too high ...
    • Cooperative equilibria in fisheries : how many players? 

      Hannesson, Rögnvaldur (Working paper, Working paper, 2007-04)
      This paper investigates conditions under which fisheries agreements between states are self-enforcing. Cooperative solutions can be self-enforcing if parties to the agreement punish those who depart from the cooperative ...
    • The coordinating role of budgetary participation : rationalistic and institutional perspectives 

      Modell, Sven; Lee, Alina (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-03)
      This paper investigates the role of budgetary participation in resolving interdepartmental coordination problems, which has received little empirical attention in the budgetary literature. Both qualitative and quantitative ...
    • Corporate tax systems, multinational enterprises and economic integration 

      Kind, Hans Jarle; Midelfart, Karen Helene; Schjelderup, Guttorm (Working paper, Working paper, 2001-02)
      This paper addresses the outcome of international tax competition in the presence of multinationals that use transfer pricing for strategic purposes as well as to reduce their tax burden. We examine how economic integration ...
    • Cost allocation and pricing in a supply chain : an application for Aumann-Shapley prices 

      Bjørndal, Mette; Jörnsten, Kurt (Working paper, Working paper, 2004-11)
      We consider the problem of choosing among different distribution channels for combinations of different products, and how to price, or share the costs under the various alternatives, in an efficient and fair way. The problem ...
    • Cost overruns and cost estimation in the North Sea 

      Emhjellen, Magne; Emhjellen, Kjetil; Osmundsen, Petter (Working Paper, Working paper, 2001-10)
      Recently, a Norwegian government report on the cost overruns of projects in the North Sea was presented (NOU 1999:11). It concluded that there was a 25% increase in development costs from project sanction (POD, Plan for ...