• A multi-level perspective on the dissolution of business relationships 

      Pettersen, Inger Beate (Working Paper, Working paper, 2001-12)
      This report presents a multi-level approach to the dissolution of business relationships. In the literature a number of factors are expected to attenuate the likelihood of relationship dissolution. Structural aspects (such ...
    • Multi-purchasing in the linear city 

      Sæberg, Håkon (Working paper;28/12, Working paper, 2012-08)
      This paper allows for the purchase of both goods in the Hotelling model with linear transport costs. Price competition disappears as a result, and we have a stable linear model with the Principle of Minimum Differentiation ...
    • Multinasjonale selskapers skattemessige tilpasning av kapitalstruktur. En empirisk studie av norsk og britisk kontinentalsokkel 

      Nielsen, Bjørn Kristian; Nilsen, Øyvind Våge (Arbeidsnotat, Working paper, 2010-10)
      Denne utredningen tar for seg multinasjonale selskapers skattemessige tilpasning av kapitalstruktur. Ettersom rentekostnader, i motsetning til utbytte, vanligvis er fradragsberettiget på selskapets hånd, vil skattesystemene ...
    • Multinational firms : easy come, easy go? 

      Haaland, Jan Ingvald Meidell; Wooton, Ian (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-12)
      Although many countries welcome inward investments by multinational firms (MNEs), it is often perceived that MNEs readily close down production in bad times. We study the choice of an MNE in deciding whether to establish ...
    • National responsibility and the just distribution of debt relief 

      Cappelen, Alexander W.; Hagen, Rune Jansen; Tungodden, Bertil (Working paper, Working paper, 2006-08)
      A central question in the debate on debt relief has been whether or not highly indebted poor countries should be held responsible for their sovereign debt. Proponents of debt relief typically argue that this is not fair ...
    • National versus international mergers in unionised oligopoly 

      Lommerud, Kjell Erik; Straume, Odd Rune; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper, Working paper, 2003-06)
      We analyse how the presence of trade unions affects the pattern of mergers in an international oligopoly and the welfare implications thereof. We find that an international merger results in lower wages for all firms. A ...
    • Natural gas demand in the European household sector 

      Nilsen, Odd Bjarte; Asche, Frank; Tveterås, Ragnar (Working paper, Working paper, 2005-08)
      This paper analyzes the residential natural gas demand per capita in 12 European countries using a dynamic loglinear demand model, which allows for country-specific elasticity estimates in the short and long run. The ...
    • Når er vertikal integrasjon lønnsomt? : fokus på en stor oppstrømsbedrift i gassmarkedet 

      Hatlebakk, Magnus (Arbeidsnotat, Working paper, 2001-12)
      Notatet diskuterer grunnleggende økonomiske mekanismer som kan påvirke lønnsomheten av vertikal integrasjon innen den europeiske gassindustrien. Det blir fokusert på fornuftige strategier for en stor oppstrømsbedrift, som ...
    • Netthandel : litteraturgjennomgang innenfor emnet internetthandel og prissammenligning 

      Lea, Kim Ø. (Arbeidsnotat;23/12, Working paper, 2012-08)
      Denne utredningen er en litteraturgjennomgang innenfor emnet netthandel. Utredningen fokuserer på modeller og teori innenfor emnet, spesielt med fokus på prissammenligningssider. Jeg undersøker tre bestemte modeller som ...
    • Nettintegrasjon : implikasjoner for konkurranse- og reguleringspolitikk 

      Hope, Einar (Arbeidsnotat, Working paper, 2002-12)
      Forholdet mellom konkurransepolitikk og reguleringspolitikk er for tiden under omfattende drøfting og revurdering, både med hensyn til politikkutforming, virkemiddelbruk, organisering og ansvars- og oppgavefordeling mellom ...
    • Network competition : empirical evidence on mobile termination rates and profitability 

      Andersson, Kjetil; Hansen, Bjørn (Working paper, Working paper, 2009-04)
      We analyze a model of multi firm competition between mobile network operators. The model assumes inelastic usage demand and full penetration, and allows for asymmetric termination rates, differences in marginal costs and ...
    • Network ownership and optimal tariffs for natural gas transport 

      Hagen, Kåre Petter; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sannarnes, Jan Gaute (Working paper, Working paper, 2004-11)
      This paper addresses the issue of national optimal tariffs for transportation of natural gas in a setting where national gas production in its entirety is exported to end-user markets abroad. In a situation where the ...
    • News sources and media bias 

      Garcia-Pires, Armando J.; Kind, Hans Jarle; Sørgard, Lars (Working paper;21/12, Working paper, 2012-08)
      In this paper we investigate the relationship between news sources and media firms. Although empirically important, this channel for supply-driven media bias has not previously been analyzed in economics literature. We ...
    • Newspapers and advertising : the effects of ad-valorem taxation under duopoly 

      Kind, Hans Jarle; Schjelderup, Guttorm; Stähler, Frank (Working paper, Working paper, 2006-12)
      Newspapers are two-sided platforms that sell their product both to readers and to advertisers. Media firms in general, and newspapers in particular, are considered important providers of information, culture and language ...
    • Noen prinsipielle betraktninger om politisk risiko i en velferdsstat 

      Henriksen, Espen R. (Arbeidsnotat, Working paper, 2000-09)
      At en velferdsstat forsikrer innbyggerne mot bredt definert markedsrisiko, er et akseptert faktum blant de fleste økonomer. Hva det inntil nylig ikke har vært tilsvarende forståelse for, er hvordan politikk i en velferdsstat ...
    • Non-cooperative management of the northeast atlantic cod fishery : a first mover advantage 

      Bjørndal, Trond; Lindroos, Marko (Working paper;23/13, Working paper, 2013-08)
      The point of departure for this analysis is Bjørndal and Lindroos (2012), who developed an empirical bioeconomic model to analyse cooperative and non-cooperative management of Northeast Atlantic cod. In their analysis, ...
    • A non-parametric model of the timecharter-equivalent spot freight rate in the very large crude oil carrier market 

      Ådland, Roar Os (Working paper, Working paper, 2000-01)
      The empirical research in this paper uses non-parametric techniques to avoid arbitrary parametric restrictions on the underlying freight rate process. The relevant hypotheses include: mean reverting freight rates in the ...
    • Noncooperative models of permit markets 

      Godal, Odd (Working paper, Working paper, 2011-07)
      The applicability of some popular and basic permit market theories has been questioned. Drawing on noncooperative equilibrium theory for pure exchange economies, this article adapts several well-established alternative ...
    • Norges fusjonskontroll. Konkurransetilsynets praktisering av totalvelferdsstandarden over tid 

      Larsen, Katrine Birkeland (Arbeidsnotat;27/13, Working paper, 2013-08)
      I denne utredningen tar vi for oss Konkurransetilsynets praktisering av totalvelferdsstandarden. Praktiseringen baserer seg på fusjonsvedtak etter 2003. Total-velferdsstandarden legges til grunn i vilkår nummer to for ...
    • Norges selskapsbeskatning : globaliseringsutfordringer og EUs forslag om CCCTB 

      Selseth, Ida (Arbeidsnotat;37/12, Working paper, 2012-12)
      I denne utredningen har jeg sett på trenden i den norske selskapsbeskatningen. Jeg har ikke funnet noen tegn på at andelen norske selskaper med positiv betalbar skatt har en fallende trend, slik som er tilfelle i Danmark. ...