Almost all the literature on tax competition in the presence of multinationals (MNCs) and profit shifting ignores trade costs. This paper studies how economic integration, in terms of reduced trade costs and internationalization ...

The paper examines why local loop unbundling (LLU) mostly fails. Unbundling, in principle, makes the local loop (subscriber line) available to competing operators and enables the development of complementary network devices ...

Parents with higher education levels have children with higher education levels. However, is this because parental education actually changes the outcomes of children, suggesting an important spillover of education policies, ...

The integration of the power markets in Norway and Sweden in 1996 significantly constrained the major power companies' ability to exercise market power within their national borders. In recent years, however, mergers and ...

Capacity constraints in electricity networks can have important impacts on utilisation of new renewable energy capacity and incumbent generation resources. Neglect of such impacts in development of renewable energy resources ...

The effect of within-group heterogeneity on the survival of social groups is theoretically ambiguous. A greater diversity of ideas, experience, and networks can have a positive effect on members’ benefits from group ...

Norske myndigheter legger opp til at naturgass i økt grad skal benyttes på det innenlandske markedet og at denne gassen skal handles på markedsbestemte betingelser. Et innenlandsk gassmarked vil ventelig bli relativt lite ...